Relationship between Physical Activity and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Law Enforcement Officers

Franke, Warren D.; Anderson, Dean F.

doi:10.1097/00043764-199410000-00016

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although little has been presented in the literature regarding the operational effects of health and fitness in LEOs, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors is well documented among this population (6,13,23). It is suspected LEOs have a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease than the general population does because of the sedentary nature of the job (19) and high mental stress related to the occupation (3,13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness Characteristics of a Suburban Special Weapons and Tactics Team

Pryor

Colburn²,

Crill³

et al. 2012

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) operators are specialized law enforcement officers who traditionally perform their duties with higher anticipated workloads because of additional body armor, weapons, and equipment used for enhanced operations and protection. This elevated workload increases the need for SWAT operators to improve or maintain their physical fitness to consistently perform routine operations. Typical tasks require trunk rotation, overhead upper extremity use, upper and lower body strength use, and long waiting periods followed by explosive movements while wearing additional equipment. Eleven male SWAT operators from 1 SWAT team performed flexibility, strength, power, and aerobic capacity tests and a variety of job-related tasks. Data were compared with age- and gender-based normative data. Fitness testing revealed that officers ranked high on tests of muscular strength (leg strength, 90th percentile; bench press, 85th percentile); however, body composition (55th percentile), core body strength, and flexibility ranked lower. Furthermore, aerobic capacity and muscular power had a wide range of scores and were also not ideal to support maximal performance during routine operations. These data can assist exercise specialists choose fitness programs specifically for job-related tasks of SWAT operators when creating fitness programs. Fitness programming for law enforcement should focus on improving aerobic fitness, flexibility, core strength, and muscular power while maintaining muscular strength to meet the needs of these specialized officers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness Characteristics of a Suburban Special Weapons and Tactics Team

Pryor

Colburn²,

Crill³

et al. 2012

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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show abstract

“…This large, high-profile workforce plays a vital role in every community, and a growing body of research indicates that they suffer disproportionately from disorders such as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases, chronic insomnia, psychological disorders, suicide, and family dysfunction [Franke and Anderson, 1994;Franke et al, 1997;Violanti et al, 1998;Gershon et al, 2002;Liberman et al, 2002;Neylan et al, 2002;Toch, 2002]. There is a substantial body of research linking long and erratic work hours to these sorts of disorders [Caruso et al, 2006, this issue], yet police officers in the United States continue to work large amounts of overtime [Vila, 2000;Vila et al, 2000Vila et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of long work hours on police officers and the communities they serve

2006

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“…This trend was seen in our study, with the subjects showing increased body fat with aging along with increases in their systolic blood pressure and lipid levels. An age-associated increase in body fat is common in the general population, but this increase may be greater in law enforcement officers [Franke and Anderson, 1994], suggesting that officers tend to become fatter, sooner, than the general population. Obesity can also affect CHD morbidity independently of its impact on other risk factors [Hubert et al, 1983].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary heart disease risk factors in employees of Iowa's Department of Public Safety compared to a cohort of the general population

et al. 1997

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The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in law enforcement personnel compared to that in the general population was studied by determining the predicted 10‐year risk for developing CHD (CHD10, expressed as %) in subjects from the Iowa Department of Public Safety and comparing it to the average CHD10 for similarly aged subjects in the Framingham Heart Study cohort. The Iowa data included measures on 388 men from 30 to 64 years old, 246 of whom were measured in 1980–1981 and again in 1992–1993. The CHD10 came from an algorithm developed using the Framingham data; it included measures of age, gender, cholesterol, HDL‐C, systolic blood pressure, smoking habit, glucose level, and left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG criteria). For this group, average CHD10 was reported by age in five‐year increments [Circulation 83:356, 1991]. The Iowa subjects (n = 388) did not show a statistically significant difference in CHD10 from the reference population (8.9% versus 7.9%). The change with age was very similar in the two groups; for Iowa (n = 388) the estimate was CHD10 = −16.5 + .59 (age); for Framingham it was CHD10 = −17.5 + .60 (age). The change in individual risk factors with time was also similar in both groups; the per year change in CHD10 in the Iowa subjects, which was measured twice (n = 246, 0.63%), did not differ statistically from the 0.60% change predicted by the Framingham model. These results suggest that, for the risk factors considered here, the 10‐year probability of developing CHD among Iowa law enforcement personnel is similar to that found in the Framingham population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:733–737, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Relationship between Physical Activity and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Law Enforcement Officers

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Fitness Characteristics of a Suburban Special Weapons and Tactics Team

Fitness Characteristics of a Suburban Special Weapons and Tactics Team

Impact of long work hours on police officers and the communities they serve

Coronary heart disease risk factors in employees of Iowa's Department of Public Safety compared to a cohort of the general population

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