Relationship between Paratuberculosis and the microelements Copper, Zinc, Iron, Selenium and Molybdenum in Beef Cattle

Abstract

To study the deficiency of minerals and its relationship with Paratuberculosis, blood, serum, and fecal samples were obtained from 75 adult bovines without clinical symptoms of the disease and from two bovines with clinical symptoms of the disease, from two beef herds with a previous history of Paratuberculosis in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Serum samples were processed by ELISA and feces were cultured in Herrolds medium. Copper, zinc and iron in serum were quantified by spectrophotometry and selenium was measured by the activity of glutathione peroxidase. We also determined copper, zinc, iron and molybdenum concentrations in pastures and the concentration of sulfate in water. Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map) was isolated from 17.3% of fecal samples of asymptomatic animals and from the fecal samples from the two animals with clinical symptoms. All the Map-positive animals were also ELISA-positive or suspect, and among them, 84.6% presented low or marginal values of selenium and 69.2% presented low or marginal values of copper. The two animals with clinical symptoms, and isolation of Map from feces and organs were selenium-deficient and had the lowest activity of glutathione peroxidase of all the animals from both herds. All the animals negative to Map in feces and negative to ELISA had normal values of Se, while 13.8% of animals with positive ELISA or suspect and culture negative presented low levels of Se. Half of the animals that were negative both for ELISA and culture in feces were deficient in copper but none of them presented low values of selenium. The content of molybdenum and iron in pasture was high, 2.5 ppm and 1.13 ppm in one herd and 2.5 ppm and 2.02 ppm in the other, respectively, whereas the copper:molybdenum ratio was 1.5 and 5.2, respectively. These results do not confirm an interaction between imbalances of the micronutrients and clinical Paratuberculosis, but show evidence of the relationship between selenium deficiencies in animals with Map infection and ELISA positive results.

Non-Specific Immunity Associated Gut Microbiome in Aristichthys nobilis under Different Rearing Strategies

“…CAT and SOD are the main antioxidant enzymes of the oxidation resistance defense system in fish [14]. GSH-PX is an enzyme that prevents damage to cellular membranes and participates in the immune response of animals, which can directly reflect the body's antioxidant capacity and immune level [15]. Thus, these indicators can be used to show the immune ability of fish and increase of the immune enzyme activity can enhance the immune system of fish.…”

In Vitro Supplementation of Copper Modulates the Functional Th1/Th2 Phenotype of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Cattle

“…In bovines, CD14 + CD16 − is defined as the M1 classical subset, the M2 non-classical subset is CD14 − CD16 ++ , and the intermediate subset is CD14 + CD16 + [ 14 ]. Nutrient and micronutrient status may affect the Th1/Th2 bias, for instance it has been shown that a Copper (Cu) deficiency reduces the ability of cattle to produce IFNγ and TNFα by mononuclear cells [ 15 , 16 ]. In an assessment of function, NO production was also increased [ 17 ].…”

Teores de cobre, zinco e ferro no fígado de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) com paratuberculose

“…Paolicchi et al (2013) realizaram estudo com amostras de soro bovino e observaram relação entre a deficiência de selênio com a infecção por Map. Os autores também constataram que um aumento de 10ppm de ferro no solo pode estar associado com o aumento no número de animais soropositivos para PTB.…”