Abstract:Aims:The present study describes the influence of banana plant cultivation on macroinvertebrate communities of streams located in the southeastern region of São Paulo state in the Atlantic Forest (four located in areas of banana cultivation and four in preserved areas); Methods: Sampling was performed during October and November of 2005. The fauna was collected with Surber sampler and a D-aquatic net (both with mesh of 0.25 mm) in rapids and backwaters. Simultaneously, an environmental characterization of each… Show more
“…abundant throughout the study area. These same taxa have been described as a principal component of the macroinvertebrate community in central and southern rivers of Chile (Campos et al, 1984;Habit et al, 1998;Guevara-Cardona et al, 2006;Fierro et al, 2012), and indeed in other South American rivers (Miserendino, 2001;Miserendino & Pizzolon, 2003;Molina et al, 2008;Kleine et al, 2011). All these situations occurred in undisturbed rivers with lotic and rhithron environments (i.e., sectors with great slope, high current velocities, stable low temperatures, high concentration of oxygen, etc.…”
ABSTRACT. Changes in land use which directly or indirectly affect freshwater fauna constitute one of the principal anthropic factors which have caused world biological diversity to disappear rapidly during recent decades. This fauna includes aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates, organisms presenting temporal and spatial variation due to a variety of factors, one of which is the diverse food resources available in the rivers. To assess the effect of anthropic activities on this fauna, the distribution, abundance and characterisation of the functional feeding groups of aquatic macroinvertebrates were analysed, together with the physical and chemical variables in the environments of four coastal river basins of southern south-central Chile. A total of 104 taxa of macroinvertebrates were recorded, the principal component of the community being the Diptera (26 taxa). The abundance and richness of taxa were greater in summer and lower in winter. The most abundant species belong to the order Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Macroinvertebrates were affected by different land use: stations with less anthropic activity and greater altitude had higher macroinvertebrates abundance, while the lowest abundance was found at the lowest stations. The functional feeding groups which were most abundant spatially and temporally were the collector-gatherers and the shredders. The physical and chemical water quality variables proved to be of exceptional quality in all the stations. These results suggest that policies governing changes in land use in central and southern Chile should take into account the dramatic alterations that these changes impose on the macroinvertebrates community. Policies for biodiversity conservation should therefore focus on these small but important organisms in the north Patagonian region of South America, which is a hotspot of world diversity. Keywords: diversity, macroinvertebrates, functional feeding groups, land use, Chile.Composición del paisaje como determinante de la diversidad y de grupos funcionales alimentarios de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en ríos de la Araucanía, Chile RESUMEN. Los cambios en el uso de suelo que afectan directa o indirectamente la fauna dulceacuícola, son uno de los principales factores antropogénicos por los cuales la diversidad biológica mundial está desapareciendo a elevadas tasas durante las últimas décadas. Dentro de esta fauna se encuentran los macroinvertebrados bentónicos acuáticos, organismos que varían temporal y espacialmente debido a diversos factores, uno de los cuales son los diversos recursos alimentarios disponibles en los ríos. Para esto, se analizó la distribución, abundancia, y caracterización de los grupos funcionales alimentarios de macroinvertebrados, y las variables físicas y químicas de cuatro cuencas costeras del centro-sur de Chile. Un total de 104 taxa de macroinvertebrados fueron registrados, siendo los dípteros (26 taxa) el componente principal de la comunidad. La abundancia y riqueza de taxa fue más conspicua en verano y menor en invierno. Las especie...
“…abundant throughout the study area. These same taxa have been described as a principal component of the macroinvertebrate community in central and southern rivers of Chile (Campos et al, 1984;Habit et al, 1998;Guevara-Cardona et al, 2006;Fierro et al, 2012), and indeed in other South American rivers (Miserendino, 2001;Miserendino & Pizzolon, 2003;Molina et al, 2008;Kleine et al, 2011). All these situations occurred in undisturbed rivers with lotic and rhithron environments (i.e., sectors with great slope, high current velocities, stable low temperatures, high concentration of oxygen, etc.…”
ABSTRACT. Changes in land use which directly or indirectly affect freshwater fauna constitute one of the principal anthropic factors which have caused world biological diversity to disappear rapidly during recent decades. This fauna includes aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates, organisms presenting temporal and spatial variation due to a variety of factors, one of which is the diverse food resources available in the rivers. To assess the effect of anthropic activities on this fauna, the distribution, abundance and characterisation of the functional feeding groups of aquatic macroinvertebrates were analysed, together with the physical and chemical variables in the environments of four coastal river basins of southern south-central Chile. A total of 104 taxa of macroinvertebrates were recorded, the principal component of the community being the Diptera (26 taxa). The abundance and richness of taxa were greater in summer and lower in winter. The most abundant species belong to the order Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Macroinvertebrates were affected by different land use: stations with less anthropic activity and greater altitude had higher macroinvertebrates abundance, while the lowest abundance was found at the lowest stations. The functional feeding groups which were most abundant spatially and temporally were the collector-gatherers and the shredders. The physical and chemical water quality variables proved to be of exceptional quality in all the stations. These results suggest that policies governing changes in land use in central and southern Chile should take into account the dramatic alterations that these changes impose on the macroinvertebrates community. Policies for biodiversity conservation should therefore focus on these small but important organisms in the north Patagonian region of South America, which is a hotspot of world diversity. Keywords: diversity, macroinvertebrates, functional feeding groups, land use, Chile.Composición del paisaje como determinante de la diversidad y de grupos funcionales alimentarios de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en ríos de la Araucanía, Chile RESUMEN. Los cambios en el uso de suelo que afectan directa o indirectamente la fauna dulceacuícola, son uno de los principales factores antropogénicos por los cuales la diversidad biológica mundial está desapareciendo a elevadas tasas durante las últimas décadas. Dentro de esta fauna se encuentran los macroinvertebrados bentónicos acuáticos, organismos que varían temporal y espacialmente debido a diversos factores, uno de los cuales son los diversos recursos alimentarios disponibles en los ríos. Para esto, se analizó la distribución, abundancia, y caracterización de los grupos funcionales alimentarios de macroinvertebrados, y las variables físicas y químicas de cuatro cuencas costeras del centro-sur de Chile. Un total de 104 taxa de macroinvertebrados fueron registrados, siendo los dípteros (26 taxa) el componente principal de la comunidad. La abundancia y riqueza de taxa fue más conspicua en verano y menor en invierno. Las especie...
“…Overall, it is possible to conclude that oil palm plantations contribute to a reduction in diversity, but do not clearly modify the composition of the mayfly community. In comparison with other long-term crops, such as banana, the mayfly fauna was less affected in the present case, given that banana plantations may have a significant effect on both species richness and composition of aquatic insects (Kleine et al, 2011;Corbi et al, 2013). In sugarcane plantations, Corbi and Trivinho-Strixino (2008) found a lower diversity of taxa in comparison with areas of riparian vegetation, and a higher percentage of sensitive taxa in well-conserved habitats.…”
The effects of the implantation of oil palm plantations on a series of environmental variables and the diversity and distribution of mayfly nymphs was investigated through a survey of 23 streams located in areas of plantation and natural forest in the eastern Amazon basin. Composition and richness of mayfly genera were compared among streams in order to verify which genera respond to the habitat disturbance gradient and determine thresholds for each variable. The genera number was higher in forest streams, although genus composition was similar between treatments. Only 9 of the 114 physical variables measured differed significantly between plantation and forest, and only three limnological variables were significantly different. Threshold Indicator Taxa ANalysis indicated that four genera were significantly associated with these variables. Of these, Miroculis and Ulmeritoides were associated with the largest number of variables. Given the different options available for use of soil in the Amazon basin, oil palm plantations appear to be one of the least deleterious for native fauna. In the Brazilian Amazon basin, government-sponsored zoning for the establishment of oil palm plantations as a strategy for the recuperation of degraded land thus appears to be a viable option for the reintegration of areas left damaged by agricultural activities, as long as the process is implemented adequately and monitored systematically. Also, legislation must be respected, in particular the permanent preservation of riparian zones, which may function as effective buffer zones to the runoff of pesticides and sediments.
“…The understanding of anthropogenic stressors effect, such as pyrimethanil fungicide, in the Chironomidae organism's distribution and abundance is fundamental to the evaluation of impacts on aquatic environments (Carter et al 2006), especially in streams adjacent to agricultural crops. Other studies also pointed to the loss of Chironomidae diversity and richness species in areas with agriculture impacts in Neotropical streams (Corbi & Trivinho-Strixino 2006, Kleine et al 2011, Corbi et al 2018.…”
The use of agrochemicals in agriculture may impact aquatic ecosystems, particularly infl uencing the stream insect communities. Among aquatic insects, the family Chironomidae is the most abundant and species-diverse insect group found in freshwater ecosystems. However, in the southern hemisphere, studies with Chironomidae are still sparse, compared to Europe and North America. The present study evaluates the responses of Chironomidae species (Insecta: Diptera) to pyrimethanil fungicide in a mesocosm experiment. Water contamination and chironomid community were monitored over 10 months. After fi ve months of monitoring, the pyrimethanil fungicide was completely degraded and there was a statistically signifi cant increase in the Margalef Richness and Shannon-Wiener Index (H') in the control units when compared with the contaminated mesocosms (p = 0.003). Our results point out that the utilization of agrochemicals can be a harmful factor infl uencing negatively the Chironomidae populations. This fi nding has key implications for insect conservation strategies and ecological management environments.
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