Relations between combined oral contraceptive therapy and indices of autonomic balance (baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability) in young healthy women

Wilczak, Anna; Marciniak, Katarzyna; Kłapciński, Michał; Rydlewska, Agnieszka; Danel, Dariusz; Jankowska, Ewa A.

doi:10.17772/gp/1660

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Descriptively, the opposite pattern was observed for deontology but did not reach significance (Armbruster et al, submitted). HRV has previously been reported not to differ between free cycling women and COC users (Wilczak et al, 2013;Nisenbaum et al, 2014). However, our own data indicate that there might be differences depending on which parameter is assessed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

The heart as judge: Association of heart rate variability with moral judgment—A replication study

Armbruster¹,

Strobel²

2021

Preprint

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There is growing research into contributing processes and biological correlates of differences in moral judgements with process dissociation procedures allowing independent quantifica-tion of utilitarian and deontic tendencies underlying moral decisions. Recently, Park et al. (2016) reported that estimated utilitarianism showed negative associations with heart rate variability (HRV) at rest. Resting HRV is an indicator of cardiac vagal tone and thus of para-sympathetic activity and has also been suggested to be a marker of neuro-visceral integra-tion. We aimed to replicate and extend these findings. Using the same set of moral dilemmas in N = 157 young adults, we found no such association in the total sample. However, when taking sex and the use of hormonal contraceptives into account, we found a positive associa-tion between HRV at rest and estimated deontology in women using combined oral contra-ceptives and men, while in free cycling women there was a negative association. While we did not replicate the original findings, our results partly indicate similar behavioral conse-quences of increased HRV, since both reduced utilitarianism (cf. Park et al., 2016) and in-creased deontology are linked to decreased endorsement of harmful actions. Furthermore, there were no associations between sympathetic activity (assessed via electro-dermal activi-ty) and moral judgements.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

The heart as judge: Association of heart rate variability with moral judgment—A replication study

Armbruster¹,

Strobel²

2021

Preprint

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“… 8 16 23 25 26 Moreover, endogenous and exogenous hormones exert different modulatory effects; specific to the progestogen of the exogenous hormone formulation. 16 17 26 27 The current study is the first to investigate HRV, RHR, RR and sleep metrics in a large population of female athletes; to include naturally cycling women, women using COC and women using progestin-only contraception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 14 Combined oral contraceptives (COC) contain derivatives of oestrogens and progestogens, which downregulate the regular cyclic hormone activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, resulting in physiological responses which differ to those of endogenous ovarian hormones. 15 For example, Wilczak et al 16 compared indices of the ANS between women using COC and naturally cycling women, finding a downregulation of BRS with COC use. Moreover, Teixeira et al 17 determined COC do not affect HRV across the active pill phases of use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of endogenous and exogenous ovarian hormone modulation on recovery metrics across the menstrual cycle

Sims

Ware²,

Capodilupo³

2021

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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IntroductionAs the number of female athletes competing rises globally, training methodologies should reflect sex differences across critical metrics of adaptation to training. Surrogate markers of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) used for monitoring training load are heart rate variability (HRV) and resting heart rate (RHR). The aim was to investigate ovarian hormone effects on standard recovery metrics (HRV, RHR, respiratory rate (RR) and sleep duration) across a large population of female athletes.MethodsA retrospective study analysed 362 852 days of data representing 13 535 menstrual cycles (MC) from 4594 respondents (natural MC n=3870, BC n=455, progestin-only n=269) for relationships and/or differences between endogenous and exogenous ovarian hormones on ANS.ResultsHRV and return to baseline (recovery) decreased as resting HR and RR increased (p<0.001) from the early follicular to the late luteal phase of the MC. Patterning was paradoxical across phases for users of combined hormonal contraception (BC) as compared with the patterning of the MC. HRV and recovery start elevated and drop off quickly during the withdrawal bleed, rising through the active pill weeks (p<0.001). Progestin-only users had similar patterning as the MC. The relationship between normalised recovery and previous day strain is modulated by birth control type. BC exhibited steeper declines in recovery with additional strain-normalised recovery decreases by an additional 0.0055±0.00135 (p<0.001) per unit of strain; with no significant difference between MC and progestin-only (p=0.19).ConclusionThe patterning of ANS modulation from ovarian hormones is significantly different between naturally cycling women and those on BC, with the patterning dependent on the type of contraception used.

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“…Early studies have shown higher systolic blood pressure and/or HR with COC use [ 235 , 261 , 262 , 263 , 264 ], but more recent studies did not report any change in either cardiac function or hemodynamics [ 236 , 262 , 265 ]. Most of the studies nevertheless did not note a difference in either HRV or baroreflex sensitivity after several months of COC use [ 236 , 262 , 266 ], with only one study showing impairment in autonomic control [ 267 ]. Last, the data suggest that progestin-only contraceptives do not modulate the autonomic balance [ 268 ].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms: Performance and Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No change in baroreflex sensitivity/HRV at rest in most studies [ 236 , 262 , 266 ], ↘ baroreflex sensitivity [ 267 ]…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

The Specificities of Elite Female Athletes: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Castanier

Bougault

Jaffré

et al. 2021

Life

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Female athletes have garnered considerable attention in the last few years as more and more women participate in sports events. However, despite the well-known repercussions of female sex hormones, few studies have investigated the specificities of elite female athletes. In this review, we present the current but still limited data on how normal menstrual phases, altered menstrual phases, and hormonal contraception affect both physical and cognitive performances in these elite athletes. To examine the implicated mechanisms, as well as the potential performances and health risks in this population, we then take a broader multidisciplinary approach and report on the causal/reciprocal relationships between hormonal status and mental and physical health in young (18–40 years) healthy females, both trained and untrained. We thus cover the research on both physiological and psychological variables, as well as on the Athlete Biological Passport used for anti-doping purposes. We consider the fairly frequent discrepancies and summarize the current knowledge in this new field of interest. Last, we conclude with some practical guidelines for eliciting improvements in physical and cognitive performance while minimizing the health risks for female athletes.

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Relations between combined oral contraceptive therapy and indices of autonomic balance (baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability) in young healthy women

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

The heart as judge: Association of heart rate variability with moral judgment—A replication study

The heart as judge: Association of heart rate variability with moral judgment—A replication study

Patterns of endogenous and exogenous ovarian hormone modulation on recovery metrics across the menstrual cycle

The Specificities of Elite Female Athletes: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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