Patterns of endogenous and exogenous ovarian hormone modulation on recovery metrics across the menstrual cycle

Sims, Stacy T.; Ware, Laura; Capodilupo, Emily R

doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001047

Cited by 18 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Participants were asked to wear comfortable clothing at their individual testing day and not eat a large meal or drink beverages with caffeine or smoke immediately before the exercise to avoid confounds in psychophysiological measures. Hormonal status of the participants and menstrual cycle can affect HRV measures ( Sims et al, 2021 ). Hormonal status and menstrual cycle were not controlled in the present study due to random assignment of the participants to the two groups, possibly excluding bias or differences between participants regarding menstrual cycle or any other confounding variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One limitation is the small sample size of an N = 30 all-female sample, all healthy, all university students having the same academic, educational background. There is evidence that in women, HRV parameters and heart rate (measured at rest) are modulated by the menstrual cycle ( Sims et al, 2021 ). In a recent study, ANS activity (blood pressure, heart rate) and psychological well-being (self-report measures, e.g., depression, anger) were compared in female yoga practitioners ( n = 25) as well as in controls ( n = 25) across the menstrual cycle to examine whether yoga could influence pre-menstrual stress differently.…”

Section: Limitations and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Yoga Boost Access to the Bodily and Emotional Self? Changes in Heart Rate Variability and in Affective Evaluation Before, During and After a Single Session of Yoga Exercise With and Without Instructions of Controlled Breathing and Mindful Body Awareness in Young Healthy Women

Herbert

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Exercise is indispensable for a healthy lifestyle. Yoga exercise can have positive effects on well-being and on cardiac autonomic activity making it an ideal intervention for improving mind-body interactions and resilience to physical and mental stressors. Emotions trigger especially strong bodily and affective-cognitive responses because of their social relevance for the self and their biological relevance of mobilizing the organism for action. This study investigates whether changes in emotion processing related to self-other referential processing and changes in cardiac autonomic activity, reflected by heart rate variability (HRV), occur immediately after already a single session of yoga exercise when yoga postures are practiced with or without breathing- and mindful body awareness instructions. Women, all university students (N = 34, final sample: n = 30, n = 25 naïve to yoga practice) were randomly assigned to two experimental groups who performed the same yoga exercises with or without controlled breathing and mindfulness instructions. Emotional, self-other referential processing, awareness of bodily signals and HRV indicators were investigated before and after the exercise using standardized experimental tasks, standardized questionnaires, and mobile recording devices. Exercising for 30 minutes changed cardiac activity significantly. HRV measures showed adaptability of cardiac activity during the exercise as well as during the affective task post- to pre-exercise. Exercising with breathing instructions and mindful body awareness had no superior effects on cardiac, particularly parasympathetic activity, compared to practicing the same movements without such explicit instructions. Self-referential processing did not change; however, participants were faster and more accurate in their affective judgments of emotional stimuli [regardless of their reference (self/other)], and showed better awareness of bodily signals after compared to before the exercise session. The results support immediate, adaptive effects of yoga exercise on cardiac and affective-cognitive processing in an all-female healthy sample. Therefore, yoga exercise could be recommended as a physical activity for boosting cardiac and emotional resilience in this target group.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Yoga Boost Access to the Bodily and Emotional Self? Changes in Heart Rate Variability and in Affective Evaluation Before, During and After a Single Session of Yoga Exercise With and Without Instructions of Controlled Breathing and Mindful Body Awareness in Young Healthy Women

Herbert

2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…In the PU group, we observed the greatest decline in HRV at M3, although P4 concentrations were highest at M4. The progestin-only contraceptives in this study used levonorgestrel, which differs from endogenous progesterone and may attenuate the magnitude of the phase-based increase in sympathetic activity caused by endogenous progesterone during the late luteal phase noticed with NM (30). Stadler et al (40) reviewed the effects of endogenous and exogenous progesterone on the ANS and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which are both activated by stressors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability in Women Discordant for Hormonal Contraceptive Use

Ahokas

Hanstock

Löfberg

et al. 2023

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate within-cycle differences in nocturnal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in naturally menstruating women (NM) and women using combined hormonal contraceptives (CU) or progestin-only hormonal contraceptives (PU). Methods: Physically active participants were recruited into three groups: NM (n = 19), CU (n = 11), and PU (n = 12). Participants' HR and HRV (with Bodyguard 2 HRV monitor) and blood hormones were monitored during one menstrual cycle (MC) (NM group) or for 4 wk (CU and PU groups). Estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone were analyzed from fasting blood samples collected four times in the NM (M1 = bleeding, M2 = follicular phase, M3 = ovulation, and M4 = luteal phase) and PU groups (M1 = lowest E 2 , M2 = M1 + 7 d, M3 = M1 + 14 d, and M4 = M1 + 21 d) and twice in the CU group (active and inactive pill phases). After every blood sample, nightly HR and HRV were recorded and examined as an average from two nights. Results: Hormonal concentrations differed (P < 0.05) between MC phases in the NM and PU groups, but not (P ≥ 0.116) between the active and the inactive phases in the CU group. In the NM and PU groups, some of the HRV values were higher, whereas in the NM group, HR was lower during M2 compared with M3 (P < 0.049) and M4 (P < 0.035). In the CU group, HRV values (P = 0.014-0.038) were higher, and HR was lower (P = 0.038) in the inactive phase compared with the first week of the active phase. Conclusions: The MC and the hormonal cycle phases influence autonomic nervous system balance, which is reflected in measurements of nocturnal HR and HRV. This should be considered when monitoring recovery in physically active individuals.

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“…Further, no data and/or results were shared with participants until they completed all experimental sessions. All sessions were conducted during the luteal phase of the female participants’ menstrual cycle [ 33 , 34 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon arrival at the laboratory and following 15 min of rest in the supine position, HRV was recorded for 5 min before the SIT protocol by using validated equipment (Omega Wave 800, OW, Portland, OR, USA) [ 33 ]. HRV was also recorded for 5 min ~1 min after completing the SIT protocol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Dose of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia Does Not Adversely Affect Sprint Interval Training, Cognitive Performance and Heart Rate Variability in Males and Females

Karayiğit

Ramírez‐Campillo

Yaşli

et al. 2022

Biology

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Although preliminary studies suggested sex-related differences in physiological responses to hypoxia, the effects of sex on sprint interval training (SIT) performance in different degrees of hypoxia are largely lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of different doses of normobaric hypoxia on SIT performance as well as heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive performance (CP) in amateur-trained team sport players by comparing potential sex differences. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 26 (13 females) amateur team-sport (football, basketball, handball, rugby) players completed acute SIT (6 × 15 s all-out sprints, separated with 2 min active recovery, against a load equivalent to 9% of body weight) on a cycle ergometer, in one of four conditions: (I) normoxia without a mask (FiO2: 20.9%) (CON); (II) normoxia with a mask (FiO2: 20.9%) (NOR); (III) moderate hypoxia (FiO2: 15.4%) with mask (MHYP); and (IV) high hypoxia (FiO2: 13.4%) with mask (HHYP). Peak (PPO) and mean power output (MPO), HRV, heart rate (HR), CP, capillary lactate (BLa), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) pre- and post-SIT were compared between CON, NOR, MHYP and HHYP. There were no significant differences found between trials for PPO (p = 0.55), MPO (p = 0.44), RPE (p = 0.39), HR (p = 0.49), HRV (p > 0.05) and CP (response accuracy: p = 0.92; reaction time: p = 0.24). The changes in MP, PP, RPE, HR, CP and HRV were similar between men and women (all p > 0.05). While BLa was similar (p = 0.10) between MHYP and HHYP trials, it was greater compared to CON (p = 0.01) and NOR (p = 0.01), without a sex-effect. In conclusion, compared to normoxia, hypoxia, and wearing a mask, have no effect on SIT acute responses (other than lactate), including PP, MP, RPE, CP, HR, and cardiac autonomic modulation either in men or women.

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Patterns of endogenous and exogenous ovarian hormone modulation on recovery metrics across the menstrual cycle

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Can Yoga Boost Access to the Bodily and Emotional Self? Changes in Heart Rate Variability and in Affective Evaluation Before, During and After a Single Session of Yoga Exercise With and Without Instructions of Controlled Breathing and Mindful Body Awareness in Young Healthy Women

Can Yoga Boost Access to the Bodily and Emotional Self? Changes in Heart Rate Variability and in Affective Evaluation Before, During and After a Single Session of Yoga Exercise With and Without Instructions of Controlled Breathing and Mindful Body Awareness in Young Healthy Women

Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability in Women Discordant for Hormonal Contraceptive Use

High Dose of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia Does Not Adversely Affect Sprint Interval Training, Cognitive Performance and Heart Rate Variability in Males and Females

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