Relation of Gastro-Intestinal Poison to Other Toxic Substances Produced by Staphylococci

Woolpert, Oram C.; Dack, G. M.

doi:10.1093/infdis/52.1.6

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…This was attempted with the purpose of following the amount of enterotoxin which might conceivably be formed in a corresponding and parallel amount, during the formulation of the casein hydrolysate medium. Others have shown (Dolman, 1934;Jordan and Burrows, 1935;Woolpert and Dack, 1933) in complex media, that conditions favoring the production of hemolysins, were also capable of producing enterotoxin. We have been able to confirm these findings with the use of a relatively simple medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Practically all reactions with the toxins produced in the casein hydrolysate medium were indistinguishable from reactions obtained from cultures with the same organism in the various modifications of the Burnet medium (Dolman, 1934;Dolman and Wilson, 1938;Jordan andBurrows, 1934 andWoolpert and Dack, 1933). Two representative protocols are presented to illustrate the character of symptoms produced in the animal: Cat 1.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…This is particularly true in dealing with enterotoxin experiments where the biologic tests are not too specific. It is generally conceded that this toxin is formed most satisfactorily under conditions that favor the production of hemolysins (Dolman, 1934;Jordan and Burrows, 1935;Woolpert and Dack, 1933). Since there is no quantitative test for enterotoxin, and hemolysins can be readily estimated, preliminary work was done on the basis of hemolysin titrations, followed by animal experiments for the presence of enterotoxin.…”

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The Production of Staphylococcus Enterotoxin and Alpha Hemolysin in a Simplified Medium

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Hammon

1941

J Bacteriol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Production of Staphylococcus Enterotoxin and Alpha Hemolysin in a Simplified Medium

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Hammon

1941

J Bacteriol

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“…The enterotoxin was prepared by the technique of Dack and Woolpert (1933). Cultures were grown on semisolid veal infusion medium in an atmosphere of high CO2 content, the toxin separated by Berkefeld filter, and adjusted to pH 7.3 in a constant volume of Ringer solution, and enclosed in serum bottles until required.…”

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The Effect of Staphylococcus Enterotoxin on Isolated Rabbit Gut Segments

Richmond¹,

Reed²,

Shaughnessy³

et al. 1942

J Bacteriol

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It is the purpose of this paper to report some observations on the response of rabbit intestinal muscle to the enterotoxin extracted from strains of staphylococcus cultured from food known to have produced attacks of food poisoning. The cultural, epidemiological and other aspects of this subject have been discussed by several authors (Barber, 1914;Dack, Cary, Woolpert and Wiggers, 1930;Jordan, 1931; Jordan and Burrows, 1934) and the literature has been reviewed by Richmond (1939).Except for descriptions of the clinical symptoms, indicating general gastrointestinal irritation, little attention has been given to the physiological mechanisms involved in this train of sequelae. The rapid onset suggested muscular disturbance, consequently the first approach was made in experiments on segments of rabbit intestine.More recently Bayliss (1940) has published an experimental study of enterotoxin emesis in kittens. A brief paragraph in this paper refers to experiments similar to ours on cat and rabbit intestinal strips, from which the conclusion was drawn that the enterotoxin has no direct effect on smooth muscle. No detailed data were given. However, in the description of the gross responses of the animals to injections of enterotoxin, Bayliss mentions defecation and loss of appetite. The postmortem examinations showed "excessive mucus" in the tract. These observations certainly suggest local irritation. Bayliss finally concluded that the main action of enterotoxin is on peripheral sensory structures, secondly on the vomiting center, with no important influence on the musculature. In view of the paucity of data on intestinal strips we do not feel that our observations are controverted. Since we did no experiments on intact animals we have no data on emesis. The two studies, therefore, deal mainly with different mechanisms, both of which are involved in the response to enterotoxin by the intact organism. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNICQUEContiguous segments of jejunum, about 4 cm. long, were isolated immediately after the rabbit was killed by a blow on the neck, and suspended in oxygenated Ringer solution at pH 7.3 and 38°C. To determine the r6le of the 1 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physiology, 1939. The investigation was suggested by H. J. S. 201 on July 16, 2020 by guest

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“…Five of 13 monkeys vomited after being fed 5-20 ml of toxic filtrates. Woolpert and Dack (1933), using Macaca mulatta, found that it displayed the characteristic symptoms including profuse pro jectile vomiting within three hours after ingesting the toxin.…”

Section: Species Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus in turkey products and processing plants

Silva¹,

Nigel

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Relation of Gastro-Intestinal Poison to Other Toxic Substances Produced by Staphylococci

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

The Production of Staphylococcus Enterotoxin and Alpha Hemolysin in a Simplified Medium

The Production of Staphylococcus Enterotoxin and Alpha Hemolysin in a Simplified Medium

The Effect of Staphylococcus Enterotoxin on Isolated Rabbit Gut Segments

Incidence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus in turkey products and processing plants

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