The Production of Staphylococcus Enterotoxin and Alpha Hemolysin in a Simplified Medium

Favorite, Grant O.; Hammon, William McD.

doi:10.1128/jb.41.3.305-316.1941

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Rapid synthesis of enterotoxin occurred only after the glucose was depleted or if the pH of the medium was elevated. Similar results showing repression of enterotoxin (1,6,15; H. A. Peters, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1964) and a-hemolysin (7, 13) during growth of the S. aureus in glucose have been reported.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

Regulation of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

1969

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Several factors influenced the formation of enterotoxin B by Staphylococcus aureus strain S-6. In the standard casein hydrolysate medium, toxin was not produced in detectable quantities during exponential growth; it was produced during the postexponential phase when total protein synthesis was arithmetic. The rate of toxin synthesis was much greater than the rate of total protein synthesis. The appearance of enterotoxin was inhibited by chloramphenicol; thus, the presence of toxin was dependent on de novo protein synthesis. When low concentrations of glucose (<0.30%) were added to the casein hydrolysate medium, growth was diauxic; glucose was completely metabolized during the first growth period. During the second growth period, enterotoxin was synthesized. In unbuffered casein hydrolysate medium containing excess glucose, toxin synthesis was completely repressed. The absence of toxin production under such conditions might be explained by the low (4.6) pH resulting from the acid end products of glucose metabolism. At pH <5.0, little or no toxin was produced. Toxin synthesis was initiated in the presence of glucose when the medium were buffered at any pH above 5.6. In such media, the differential rates of toxin synthesis, with respect to the rates of total protein synthesis, were lower than the differential rates in casein hydrolysate medium alone. Addition of glucose to a culture synthesizing toxin resulted in an immediate decrease in the differential rate without any change in pH. Thus, toxin synthesis appeared to be regulated by catabolite repression.

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confidence: 67%

Regulation of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

1969

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“…For purposes of comparison, a modification of the chemically defined medium (medium 5; 18AA-B) of Wu and Bergdoll (17) was also tested. This 18AA-B medium contained the vitamins and inorganic salts listed in Table 1, along with 18 amino acids at concentrations described for medium 5 of Wu and Bergdoll (17): aspartic acid (1,200 jg/ml), isoleucine (300 usg/ml), alanine (1,200 gg/ml), lysine (300 ug/ml), tryptophan (30 ug/ml), serine (2,400 Mg/ml), glutamic acid (1,200 Mg/ml), methionine (90 Mg/ml), histidine (240 ug/ml), tyrosine (100 Mg/ml), threonine (2,400 Mg/ml), glycine (1,200 Mg/ml), leucine (300 Mg/ml), valine (240 MLg/ml), proline (1,200 Mg/ml), cystine (120 Mg/ml), phenylalanine (100 Mig/ml), and arginine (360 Mglml). No designated carbon source, such as the 1% MSG added to all other defined media, was used in the 18AA-B medium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Requirements for the Production of Enterotoxin B by Staphylococcus aureus S-6 in a Chemically Defined Medium

Miller¹,

Fung²

1973

Applied Microbiology

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A minimal chemically defined medium has been developed for growth (approximately 25 Klett units) and production of detectable enterotoxin B (approximately 5-6 ug/ml) by Staphylococcus aureus S-6. This medium contains monosodium glutamate as a source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy, three additional amino acids (arginine, cystine, and phenylalanine), six inorganic salts, and four vitamins. Increasing the concentrations of several amino acids in a series of defined media gave no increase in enterotoxin production. Apparently the limiting factor for growth and enterotoxin production in these media is the biosynthesis of one or more missing amino acids, rather than the concentration of the amino acids present in the media. An additional requirement for proline and valine was observed when glucose was added as the primary source of energy. When compared to complex media, our results indicated that the inhibitory effect of glucose on enterotoxin synthesis in defined media was less evident or totally absent.

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“…[29]; Medium n°3. [30], Medium n°4 [42] and Medium n°5 [46]. All of these media are prepared on the basis of casein hydrolyzat and supplemented amino acids and vitamins in different concentrations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Purification of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type D and Obtaining Its Antiserum

Kebkiba¹,

Antipas²,

Michaelovich³

2015

AVS

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Uncontrolled use of antibiotics in the treatment of calves suffering from gastroenteritis and dairy cows suffering from mastitis, created in pathogenic staphylococci enterotoxin producers some resistance to these drugs. These pathogens enterotoxin producers are often excreted with milk from cows with mastitis. That is why the specific and topical issue remains the isolation and identification of strains producing staphylococcal enterotoxin from cow milk and faeces of calves suffering from enteritis. Given all this, we have set a goal to get staphylococcal enterotoxin type D for use as mastitis diagnostic kit and enteritis and antigen for obtaining the antiserum. To obtain the staphylococcal enterotoxin type D we used strain S. aureus No. 494 (ATSS23235) courtesy offered by Dr. FC Fluer from Institute of Experimental Medicine, NF Gamaley, Medical Academy (USSR). Verification of the specificity of the enterotoxin) was performed using 5 strains of S.aureus producing different enterotoxins (enterotoxin-A; enterotoxin-B; enterotoxin C-1 ; C-2 and enterotoxin-E) as well as non-enterotoxigenic staphylococcal strain (S. aureus Wood 46). In addition to the staphylococcal strains, five strains of Escherichia coli, producing thermostable and thermolabile enterotoxins were also used in the experiment. The method of purification of enterotoxin-D by precipitation twice chromatography on km-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 allows to obtain pure enterotoxin-D having the biological properties, immunological and antigenic characteristics. Immunization of rabbits with purified enterotoxin-D associated with incomplete Freund's adjuvant provides antiserum very active and specific.

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The Production of Staphylococcus Enterotoxin and Alpha Hemolysin in a Simplified Medium

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Regulation of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

Regulation of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

Amino Acid Requirements for the Production of Enterotoxin B by Staphylococcus aureus S-6 in a Chemically Defined Medium

Purification of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type D and Obtaining Its Antiserum

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