Relation between the location of elements in the periodic table and various organ-uptake rates

Uncertainties in Cancer Risk Coefficients for Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides. An Uncertainty Analysis for Risk Coefficients Reported in Federal Guidance Report No. 13

“…In rats, the lanthanide elements terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium showed similar biokinetics (Durbin 1960(Durbin , 1962Moskalev et al 1972;Ando et al 1989). Compared with gadolinium, these elements showed higher deposition in the skeleton (roughly 60%), lower deposition in the liver (roughly 10%), and similar initial deposition in the urinary bladder (15-28%).…”

“…Apparent differences are that deposition in the liver may be lower and deposition in "other" and urinary bladder contents may be higher for europium. Data for rats (Durbin 1960(Durbin , 1962Ando et al 1989) indicate that gadolinium has higher deposition in the skeleton and urinary bladder and lower deposition in the liver than promethium and samarium.…”

Environmental acceptability of high-performance alternatives for depleted uranium penetrators

“…After intravenous injection of '*w as tungstate into a sheep, about 25% of injected activity remained in blood after 0.5 h and about 10% remained after 2 h (Mason et al 1989). Data on rats (Durbin 1957(Durbin , 1960Ballou 1960;Ando et al 1989) indicate that blood contained substantially less than 1% of the administered dose of W at times 2 1 d after exposure. Tissue analysis of young Yorkshire pigs exposed in metabolic cages to radioactive fallout at various distances from a denotation (Chertok and Lake 1971a, 1971b, 1971c suggest that blood may have contained 10% or more of total-body radiotungsten at 3 d after exposure.…”

“…Data on laboratory animals administered radiotungsten indicate an initially rapid clearance of tungsten from blood but retention of a few tenths of a percent of the administered amount in blood for a period of days (Ballou 1960;Durbin 1957Durbin , 1960Chertok and Lake 1971% 1971bAamodt 1973;Mullen et al 1976;Ekman et al 1977;Mason et al 1989;Ando et al 1989). The high rate of clearance from blood soon after injection may be attributed to a high rate of filtration by the kidneys, together with rapid diffusion from plasma into extravascular fluids.…”

“…The best available information on the time-dependent distribution and excretion of systemic tungsten in mammalian species comes from studies of dogs receiving radiotungsten by inhalation or injection (Aamodt 1973(Aamodt , 1975; immature swine exposed to radionuclides produced by a nuclear explosion (Chertok and Lake 1971% 1971b; rodents administered radiotungsten by different routes , Ballou 1960, Fleshman et al 1966, Kaye 1968, Ando et al 1989; and various farm animals (sheep, pigs, cows, goats) receiving radiotungsten by injection or ingestion (Bell and Sneed…”