Relation between Population Density and Cancer Incidence, Illinois, 1986–1990

Howe, Holly L.; Keller, Jane E.; Lehnherr, Melinda

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116774

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Also, most studies on urban risk were similarly conducted in the so-called First World. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Our report concerning urban risks of cancer in a developing country shows some interesting and divergent results when compared with reports from developed countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16) As a result of this, almost all the studies have been performed in developed countries. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Furthermore, these reports have generally relied on large areas, such as states or counties, as the basic geographical unit of analysis. This makes it difficult to characterize the true urbanization level due to its heterogeneity within these large areas.…”

Section: 2 4-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of these limitations, the methodology employed in most preceding investigations has been imprecise, and the relationship between population density and cancer mortality has not been adequately examined. Moreover, only six studies 1,[3][4][5][6][7] to date have described trends in cancer mortality patterns associated with increasing levels of urbanization.…”

Section: 2 4-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have reported variation in cancer incidence and mortality rates across urbanization gradients. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Almost all these studies have reported higher cancer incidence and mortality rates in urban populations compared to their counterparts who live in rural areas. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] A major drawback has been the lack of a uniform measure used to classify areas as urban or rural.…”

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The Relationship between Population Density and Cancer Mortality in Taiwan

Yang

Hsieh

1998

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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Many investigators have examined urbanization gradients in cancer rates. The purpose of this report was to identify urban-rural trends in cancer mortality rates (1982-1991) for municipalities in Taiwan. For this purpose, Taiwan's municipalities were classified as rural, suburban, urban, or metropolitan, using population density as an ordinal indicator of the degree of urbanization. Average annual age-adjusted, site-specific cancer mortality rates were calculated for both sexes within each population density group. Significant increasing trends with more urbanization were observed in mortality rates for cancers of the lung, pancreas, and kidney among both males and females, as well as male prostate cancer, and female breast and ovary cancer. In addition, this study revealed a significant rural excess for nonmelanoma skin cancer among both males and females, as well as male non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancers of the female bone, and female connective tissue. Analytic studies for sites with consistent urban-rural trends may be fruitful in identifying the aspect of population density, or other unmeasured factors, that contribute to these trends.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2 4-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2 4-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship between Population Density and Cancer Mortality in Taiwan

Yang

Hsieh

1998

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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“…This difference may be due to exposure to environmental and occupational factors, lifestyle, access to health services, and disease management (39,45,46). This inequality in the incidence rate of colorectal cancer can be partly due to the interaction between race and diversity in lifestyle such as physical activity, diet, and colorectal cancer screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Urbanization Levels and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Iran

et al. 2018

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Background: Urbanization increases the risk of non-communicable diseases including colorectal cancer by creating changes in lifestyle. Objectives: We seek, in this study, to create urbanization levels based on various factors affecting urbanization and to investigate its relationship with the colorectal cancer incidence in Iran. Methods: Using information from census 2011, we collected data on 33 indicators related to urbanization in 31 provinces in Iran. To rank the provinces, we used density-based hierarchical clustering scheme. In order to determine similarities or differences between the provinces, we used the square of the Euclidean distance dissimilarity coefficient; Ward's algorithm was used to merge the provinces to minimize intra-cluster variance. The data obtained from the National Cancer Registry System in 2009 were used to determine the colorectal cancer incidence rate in Iran. One-way ANOVA was used to investigate the association between colorectal cancer incidence and urbanization levels. All statistical analyses were performed, using SPSS (Version 23) software. Results: Using clustering method, the researchers divided the provinces into 4 different urbanization levels. The results of the ANOVA test indicates a correlation between colorectal cancer incidence and urbanization levels, with a level of significance (P = 0.001) for both genders, (P = 0.001), for men, and (P = 0.002) for women. The findings indicate a difference between the 1st and 4th levels as well as between the 2nd and 4th levels. Conclusions:The results of this study showed that considering the lifestyle of people living in higher urban areas, which includes low activity and the use of fast and processed foods, we may claim that residents of these areas are more exposed to the risk factors of this cancer. On the other hand, a higher level of awareness of the residents of these areas and their greater access to health facilities contribute to their further admissions for screening, which can lead to an increase in the number of identified cases of the disease in these areas.

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Demographic variations in the rising incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in white males

Bollschweiler

Wolfgarten

Gutschow

et al. 2001

Cancer

406

233

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BACKGROUND The rise in adenocarcinoma (AC) of the esophagus has been reported in several papers. However, the results are only comparable to a limited extent, because they are based on differing periods and different computational methods. The purpose of the current investigation was to collect the available data and to analyze them in a unified manner. METHODS The authors requested data on the incidence of AC of the esophagus for each year since 1960 from 43 tumor registries in North America, Europe, and Australia. The data from 22 centers were used. The trend was calculated by fitting the data to an exponential growth model. RESULTS The incidence of AC of the esophagus in white males is rising in most countries. The highest values of the estimated incidence rate in the year 2000 were found in Great Britain (5.0– 8.7 cases per 100,000 population) and in Australia (4.8 cases per 100,000 population) followed by The Netherlands (4.4 cases per 100,000 population), the United States (3.7 cases per 100,000 population), and Denmark (2.8 cases per 100,000 population). Low rates (< 1.0 cases per 100,000 population) were found in Eastern Europe. The largest changes in incidence were reported in the Southern European countries, with an estimate of the average increase over six registries of 30% per year; in Australia, with an average increase of 23.5% per year; and in the United States, with an average increase of 20.6% per year. The rates of increase ranged from 8.7% to 17.5% on average in Northern Europe, Central Europe, and the United Kingdom. In Eastern Europe, at most, there was a minor rise in incidence. CONCLUSIONS In the Western industrialized nations, the analyzed data show that the incidence of AC of the esophagus has been rising rapidly in the last 20 years. The only exceptions to date are the countries of Eastern Europe. Cancer 2001;92:549–55. © 2001 American Cancer Society.

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Relation between Population Density and Cancer Incidence, Illinois, 1986–1990

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

The Relationship between Population Density and Cancer Mortality in Taiwan

The Relationship between Population Density and Cancer Mortality in Taiwan

Association of Urbanization Levels and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Iran

Demographic variations in the rising incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in white males

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