Association of Urbanization Levels and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Iran

Enayatrad, Mostafa; Yavari, Parvin; Etemad, Koorosh; Khodakarim, Soheila; Mahdavi, Sepideh

doi:10.5812/ijcm.68476

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Nevertheless, studies conducted in Iran and China claimed signi cant differences between the urbanization level and the incidence rate of CRC. In this analysis, a higher incidence rate was associated with a higher urbanization level 44,45 . The authors linked these differences with urban lifestyle (low physical activity, processed food) and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Awareness About Colorectal Cancer among Young Adults in Poland

Fudalej

Badowska-Kozakiewicz

Pikul

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most predominant malignancies among the adult population. Most cases of CRC develop from non-malignant precursor lesions called adenomas over a long time, which provides an opportunity for prevention with screening programmes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness level concerning colorectal cancer epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms, and prevention among young society in Poland. The knowledge was examined with an anonymous survey between February and March 2021. Statistical analysis was performed and differences were considered significant if the p-value obtained was smaller than the assumed level of significance p ≤ 0.05. Respondents were mostly female, living in a city, with a population of over 500 thousand. The study acquired information that might guide educators about knowledge deficit among young society in Poland. The results confirmed that education, family/friends history of CRC and a place of residence differentiate knowledge and awareness about CRC. They revealed a significant knowledge gap between rural and urban inhabitants as well as a medical and non-medical group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Awareness About Colorectal Cancer among Young Adults in Poland

Fudalej

Badowska-Kozakiewicz

Pikul

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The periods covered ranged from a single year ( n = 5, 3%) to 55 years of observation, and 79% covered a study period of ten years or more. The characteristics and details of included studies [ 22 – 187 ] are provided in Additional files 1 , 2 , 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of methods to estimate colorectal cancer incidence using population-based cancer registries

Alsadhan

Almaiman

Pujades-Rodriguez

et al. 2022

BMC Med Res Methodol

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Background Epidemiological studies of incidence play an essential role in quantifying disease burden, resource planning, and informing public health policies. A variety of measures for estimating cancer incidence have been used. Appropriate reporting of incidence calculations is essential to enable clear interpretation. This review uses colorectal cancer (CRC) as an exemplar to summarize and describe variation in commonly employed incidence measures and evaluate the quality of reporting incidence methods. Methods We searched four databases for CRC incidence studies published between January 2010 and May 2020. Two independent reviewers screened all titles and abstracts. Eligible studies were population-based cancer registry studies evaluating CRC incidence. We extracted data on study characteristics and author-defined criteria for assessing the quality of reporting incidence. We used descriptive statistics to summarize the information. Results This review retrieved 165 relevant articles. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) (80%) was the most commonly reported incidence measure, and the 2000 U.S. standard population the most commonly used reference population (39%). Slightly more than half (54%) of the studies reported CRC incidence stratified by anatomical site. The quality of reporting incidence methods was suboptimal. Of all included studies: 45 (27%) failed to report the classification system used to define CRC; 63 (38%) did not report CRC codes; and only 20 (12%) documented excluding certain CRC cases from the numerator. Concerning the denominator estimation: 61% of studies failed to state the source of population data; 24 (15%) indicated census years; 10 (6%) reported the method used to estimate yearly population counts; and only 5 (3%) explicitly explained the population size estimation procedure to calculate the overall average incidence rate. Thirty-three (20%) studies reported the confidence interval for incidence, and only 7 (4%) documented methods for dealing with missing data. Conclusion This review identified variations in incidence calculation and inadequate reporting of methods. We outlined recommendations to optimize incidence estimation and reporting practices. There is a need to establish clear guidelines for incidence reporting to facilitate assessment of the validity and interpretation of reported incidence.

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“…Urbanization in Iran provides a unique opportunity to explore the mechanisms, by which urban liveability and urban environments influence cancer epidemiology. The associations between urbanization and cancer incidences have been reported in Iran and some other countries (17)(18)(19)(20)(21). However, the relationship between cancer incidence and urban liveability remains largely unexplored with just a few exceptions (22,23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Urban Liveability with Cancer Incidence in Iran: A Nationwide Ecological Study

et al. 2021

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Background: Urban liveability is a multidimensional concept associated with many domains of human health. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the association between urban liveability and cancer incidence in Iran. Methods: The data of provincial-level urban liveability were obtained from reliable sources. The data of cancer incidence were inquired from the population-based cancer registry of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education in 2016. Urban liveability scores were determined in all provinces of Iran by utilizing the Global Liveable City Index (GLCI) method. Negative binomial Poisson regression was used to examine the relationship between urban liveability and cancer incidence. Results: Provinces with a higher urban liveability had a higher likelihood of cancer incidence. Higher economic score was significantly associated with higher incidence in colorectal (IRR = 1.49, P = 0.005), liver (IRR = 1.48, P = 0.002), leukemia (IRR = 1.39, P = 0.005), lung (IRR = 1.39, P = 0.039), breast (IRR = 1.38, P = 0.011), and prostate cancers (IRR = 2.11, P < 0.001). Also, provinces with higher environmental friendliness and sustainability had significantly more stomach (IRR = 1.53, P = 0.004), colorectal (1.79, P < 0.001), lung (IRR = 1.43, P = 0.014), and prostate (IRR = 1.50, P = 0.032) cancer incidence. Provinces with higher political governance had significantly more breast cancer (IRR = 1.34, P = 0.002) and leukemia (IRR = 1.30, P = 0.016) incidence rates. Conclusions: Along with the development of urban liveability, the incidence of cancers is increasing in Iran. Cancer control strategies should be implemented especially in settings with higher urbanization.

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Association of Urbanization Levels and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Iran

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Awareness About Colorectal Cancer among Young Adults in Poland

Awareness About Colorectal Cancer among Young Adults in Poland

A systematic review of methods to estimate colorectal cancer incidence using population-based cancer registries

Association of Urban Liveability with Cancer Incidence in Iran: A Nationwide Ecological Study

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