Reinforcement of nitrile rubber by in situ formed zinc disorbate

Guo, Baochun; Chen, F.; Chen, W. W.; Lei, Yanda; Jia, Demin

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2010.67

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained for acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) [11], natural rubber [12], and other elastomers reinforced by in situ-formed zinc acrylate and methacrylate [13]. The reinforcement effect of in situ-prepared zinc stearate (ZDS) in NBR was also reported [14]. ZDS was formed by the reaction of zinc oxide with stearic acid during rubber compounding and vulcanization.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The highest crosslinking activity occurred with trimethylol propane trimethacrylate, which also prevented the degradation of polypropylene through chain scission. In recent years, significant interest has been aroused by the application of zinc or magnesium salts of unsaturated carboxylic acids as coagents and fillers for elastomers [10][11][12][13][14]. These salts are formed in situ during the compounding and vulcanization of rubber mixes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrotalcite/unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Systems as Coagents in Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Vulcanization

Maciejewska¹,

Krzywania-Kaliszewska²,

Zaborski³

2012

MATERIALS

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The aim of this work was to study the activity of several hydrotalcite/unsaturated acid systems in the peroxide crosslinking of ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM). Allylmalonic, citronellic, crotonic, itaconic, sorbic and undecylenic acids, as well as monoallyl maleate, were applied to ensure the activity of hydrotalcite in the peroxide vulcanization of EPM. In this article, we discuss the effect of the obtained coagents with respect to their particle size and tendency to agglomerate, as well as the effect of the applied type of unsaturated acid on the vulcanization kinetics of rubber compounds. The influence of hydrotalcite/unsaturated acid systems on the crosslink density, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates and their stress relaxation tendency under external deformation were also studied. Hydrotalcite/unsaturated acid systems seem to be active as coagents in the crosslinking of EPM with peroxide. The type of unsaturated acid considerably influences the activity of hydrotalcite toward the ethylene-propylene copolymer. The application of such coagents increases the crosslink density of the vulcanizates and improves their mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrotalcite/unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Systems as Coagents in Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Vulcanization

Maciejewska¹,

Krzywania-Kaliszewska²,

Zaborski³

2012

MATERIALS

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“…where is the number of cross-links per unit volume (mole/cm 3 ), is the molar volume of acetone (73.4 mL/mol) [30], is the volume fraction of rubber in swollen gel (%), and is the NBR-acetone interaction parameter (0.349) [31]. The calculation of is exhibited in [32]…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube in Nitrile Rubber: In Comparison with Carbon Black, Conductive Carbon Black, and Precipitated Silica

Boonbumrung

Sae‐Oui

Sirisinha

2016

Journal of Nanomaterials

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The properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) reinforced by multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), conductive carbon black (CCB), carbon black (CB), and precipitated silica (PSi) were investigated via viscoelastic behavior, bound rubber content, electrical properties, cross-link density, and mechanical properties. The filler content was varied from 0 to 15 phr. MWCNT shows the greatest magnitude of reinforcement considered in terms of tensile strength, modulus, hardness, and abrasion resistance followed by CCB, CB, and PSi. The MWCNT filled system also exhibits extremely high levels of filler network and trapped rubber even at relatively low loading (5 phr) leading to high electrical properties and poor dynamic mechanical properties. Although CCB possesses the highest specific surface area, it gives lower level of filler network than MWCNT and also gives the highest elongation at break among all fillers. Both CB and PSi show comparable degree of reinforcement which is considerably lower than CCB and MWCNT.

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“…After 7 days of swelling, the swollen specimens were weighed, and the elastically active network chains density ( V e ) or crosslink density was calculated:

V_{e} = - \frac{\ln (1 - V_{r}) + V_{r} + χ V_{r}^{2}}{V_{s} (V_{r}^{1 / 3} - V_{r} / 2)}

V_{r} = \frac{m_{0} ϕ true(\frac{1 - α}{ρ_{r}} true)}{m_{0} ϕ true(\frac{1 - α}{ρ_{r}} true) + \frac{m_{1} - m_{2}}{ρ_{s}}}

where V r is the volume fraction of rubber in the swollen vulcanizate calculated from eq. (6); m 0 is the specimen mass before swelling; m 1 and m 2 are specimen masses before and after drying, respectively; Ø is the mass fraction of rubber in the composites; α is the mass loss of the gum HNBR vulcanizate during the swelling process; ρ r and ρ s are densities of rubber and solvent, respectively; χ is the polymer–solvent interaction parameter (0.453 for HNBR‐MEK) and V s is the solvent molar volume (90.2 cm 3 /mol for MEK)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cotton fibers reinforcement of HNBR: Control of fiber alignment and its influence on properties of HNBR vulcanizates

Sanprasert

Sombatsompop

Sae‐Oui

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article focuses on the reinforcement of hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) by cotton fiber as natural reinforcing filler. The effect of fiber alignment on the properties of HNBR compounds and vulcanizates is investigated. Properties of interest include rheological behavior, cure, tensile, abrasion, and dynamic mechanical properties which are correlated to the magnitudes of state‐of‐mix, bound rubber content, crosslink density and fiber alignment. Results obtained reveal that mechanical properties of rubber composites are improved dramatically by the addition of cotton fiber due to the enhanced hydrodynamic effect in association with crosslink density. Furthermore, the degree of fiber alignment is found to depend strongly on shear strain. The results demonstrate the importance of fiber alignment controlled efficiently by shear strain. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41090.

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Reinforcement of nitrile rubber by in situ formed zinc disorbate

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Hydrotalcite/unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Systems as Coagents in Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Vulcanization

Hydrotalcite/unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Systems as Coagents in Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Vulcanization

Reinforcement of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube in Nitrile Rubber: In Comparison with Carbon Black, Conductive Carbon Black, and Precipitated Silica

Cotton fibers reinforcement of HNBR: Control of fiber alignment and its influence on properties of HNBR vulcanizates

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