Cotton fibers reinforcement of HNBR: Control of fiber alignment and its influence on properties of HNBR vulcanizates

Abstract

This article focuses on the reinforcement of hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) by cotton fiber as natural reinforcing filler. The effect of fiber alignment on the properties of HNBR compounds and vulcanizates is investigated. Properties of interest include rheological behavior, cure, tensile, abrasion, and dynamic mechanical properties which are correlated to the magnitudes of state‐of‐mix, bound rubber content, crosslink density and fiber alignment. Results obtained reveal that mechanical properties of rubber composites are improved dramatically by the addition of cotton fiber due to the enhanced hydrodynamic effect in association with crosslink density. Furthermore, the degree of fiber alignment is found to depend strongly on shear strain. The results demonstrate the importance of fiber alignment controlled efficiently by shear strain. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41090.

Aramid pulp reinforced hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber composites with ionic liquid compatibilizers

“…A variety of fiber materials has been applied to reinforce rubbers, including carbon, glass, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, and aramid . Poly‐ p ‐phenyleneterephthalamide (PPTA) fibers, also known as aramid fibers, have a relatively high aspect ratio, high tensile strength‐to‐weight ratio, and exceptional thermal stability, being a promising CB‐filler substitute . These properties are the result of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between carbonyl and NH groups, in combination with aromatic π‐π stacking interactions between adjacent aramid chains .…”

“…7,8 Poly-p-phenyleneterephthalamide (PPTA) fibers, also known as aramid fibers, have a relatively high aspect ratio, high tensile strength-to-weight ratio, and exceptional thermal stability, being a promising CB-filler substitute. 9 These properties are the result of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between carbonyl and NH groups, in combination with aromatic π-π stacking interactions between adjacent aramid chains. 10 Nevertheless, to achieve efficient transfer of loads and stresses from the rubber matrix to the reinforcing material, fiber/matrix adhesion should be optimized.…”

Mechanical properties of aramid fiber and carbon black filled hydrogenated nitrile rubber for packer compounds

“…Compared to the rubber matrix, the elongation of a AF under the applied stresses is practically negligible (ca. <1% at 20 MPa ). As a consequence, the interaction layer will be subjected to high shear forces (Fig.…”

“…Generally, the degree of reinforcement depends upon the nature of the polymer matrix, and the type, amount and orientation of the fibers. Important is the fiber to rubber adhesion, the fiber length and aspect ratio . Optimal reinforcement requires an efficient load transfer from fiber to the rubber .…”

Effect of curing systems on vulcanization, mechanical properties, and stress softening of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber vulcanizates

“…1 Due to the strong polar nitrile group and low content of double bonds in the molecular chains, HNBR is a high-performance rubber with combination of excellent mechanical properties, thermal aging resistance, oil resistance, and chemical stability, which can be used in diverse applications including automobile, aviation, oil field, and other mechanics industries. 2,3 In recent years, the mechanical properties, 4 thermal properties, 5 swelling properties, 6 and low-temperature performance 7 of HNBR composites by incorporation of cotton fiber, 8 clay, 9 carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 10 magnesium oxide, 11 nanolilica, 12 and carbon black, 6 respectively, were investigated, for example, some mechanical properties (i.e. stress softening) of HNBR and multi-walled CNTs composites were reported by Lu et al 13 It is known that stress softening is a typical phenomenon observable for many materials during cyclic tension tests.…”