Background
The biological function of squalene epoxidase (SQLE), an important rate‐limiting enzyme in downstream cholesterol synthesis, is to convert squalene to 2‐3 oxacin squalene. The expression of SQLE in lung cancer is abnormal. We conducted this study to investigate the effect of SQLE expression on lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) proliferation, migration, and invasion and its role in extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling.
Methods
Cell Counting Kit 8, wound healing, and Transwell assays; Western blotting; and quantitative real‐time PCR were used to investigate the effect of SQLE in a lung SCC H520 cell line. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to identify the prognostic significance of SQLE.
Results
Overexpression of SQLE promoted lung SCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas knockdown of SQLE expression showed the opposite effect. SQLE can interact with ERK to enhance its phosphorylation. SQLE may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung cancer by modulating ERK signaling. Further survival analysis indicated that high expression of SQLE indicated poor prognosis in lung SCC.
Conclusion
Our study presents novel evidence of potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for lung SCC therapy and prognosis.
Vulcanization and reinforcement are two most important approaches to improve rubber properties. Effect of carbon black (CB) load level on curing process and properties of Natural rubber (NR) compounds and vulcanizates and interaction between vulcanization and reinforcement were characterized by Rubber Processing Analyzer (RPA2000). The incorporation of CB shortened the scorch delay time and prolonged curing time. Only after CB loading level reached about 20 phr, could effective CB network be formed that contributed to the formation of ''Payne effect.'' Dynamic elastic shear modulus G 0 of filled NR compounds had a stronger dependence on strain than that of unfilled NR. There was a synergism between vulcanization and reinforcement on the improvement of shear modulus of NR compounds and vulcanizates. The elastic recovery of vulcanizates restricted the break of CB network through the rubber bridges formed between CB particles and helped the reformation of broken CB network. All these action amplified the reinforcement of CB.
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