Rehabilitation and soil conservation of degraded land using sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agroforestry system

Abstract

Sarminah S, Karyati, Karmini, Simbolon J, Tambunan E. 2018. Rehabilitation and soil conservation of degraded land using sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 19: 222-228. Rehabilitation and soil conservation effort on degraded lands is not always a success. Multiple factors, such as the field’ biogeophysical conditions and the choice of suitable plant species determine the effectivity of the rehabilitation program. Our research aimed to implement agroforestry system of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) on degraded land at different soil slopes (a steep and a slightly steep slope gradient) and to analyze the effect of the system on silvicultural and hydro-orological aspects of the degraded land. The silvicultural parameters examined in this study were the ground coverage of peanut growth and the stem diameter and height of sengon trees. Meanwhile, the hydro-orological parameters included potential erosion rate, erosion hazard index, and erosion hazard level. Our study revealed that on the land with the slightly steep slope (15-25%), the survival rate of sengon reached 90%, the ground coverage of the peanuts was 70-80%, the diameter and height increment of sengon trees reached 2.47 cm/year and 17.58 cm/year, respectively. Meanwhile, the potential erosion rate was 20.05 ton/ha/year, with an erosion hazard index of 0.80 (low) and a low hazard level. In the steeper ground (25-40%), the survival rate of sengon reached 90%, the peanut coverage was 50-60% and the diameter and height increment of the sengon were 2.37 cm/year and 16.41 cm/year, respectively. In the steep ground, potential erosion rate was 45.50 ton/ha/year, with an erosion hazard index of 3.25 (moderate) and a low hazard level. We concluded that the rehabilitation and soil conservation using sengon-peanut agroforestry system effectively suppressed erosion rate to a low erosion hazard.

Silvicultural, hydro-orological and economic aspects of a combination of vegetative (Falcataria moluccana-Vigna cylindrica) and terrace systems in soils of different slopes

“…The soil erosion rates recorded in the current study was lower than the values reported for some other agroforestry systems (Karyati et al 2018;Sarminah et al 2018;Sumarno et al 2011) as presented in Table 8. This result implied that the combination of vegetative (F. moluccana and V. cylindrica) and terrace system could be effectively implemented in different sloping lands.…”

“…The average diameter increment of F. moluccana in F. moluccana and V. cylindrica agroforestry system (on steep and very steep slopes) was lower than those in F. moluccana and Arachis hypogaea agroforestry system (on slight steep and steep slopes) as reported by Sarminah et al (2018). On the contrary, the average height increment of this combination was higher than those reported by Sarminah et al (2018). Similarly, the diameter increment of F. moluccana in this study was also lower than those in agroforestry system, monoculture system, and intensive monoculture system (Swestiani and Purwaningsih 2013; Wahyudi and Panjaitan 2013).…”

“…The average diameter increment of F. moluccana in F. moluccana and V. cylindrica agroforestry system (on steep and very steep slopes) was lower than those in F. moluccana and Arachis hypogaea agroforestry system (on slight steep and steep slopes) as reported by Sarminah et al (2018). On the contrary, the average height increment of this combination was higher than those reported by Sarminah et al (2018).…”

“…The mixed cropping of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) as well as jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) and soybeans (Glycine max) could be implemented in different soil slopes for rehabilitating and soil conservation in sloping lands, based on the growth and hydro-orological parameters Sarminah et al 2018). These two agroforestry systems of F. moluccana-A.…”

Sistem Pertanian Konservasi Pola Agroforestri dan Hubungannya dengan Tingkat Erosi di Wilayah Sub-DAS Wuno, Das Palu, Sulawesi Tengah

“…Kerusakan hutan akibat tata guna lahan memengaruhi struktur dan komposisi vegetasi, yang selanjutnya dapat mengarah pada pembentukan lahan yang tidak produktif. Lahan yang mengalami degradasi ini menjadi semakin kritis karena erosi yang dipicu oleh aktivitas manusia yang ceroboh dan tidak bertanggung jawab (Sarminah, Karyati, Karmini, Simbolon, & Tambunan, 2018). Curah hujan merupakan faktor penting yang berkontribusi terhadap erosi (Liu, Liu, & Zhu, 2018).…”