Sarminah S, Karyati, Karmini, Simbolon J, Tambunan E. 2018. Rehabilitation and soil conservation of degraded land using sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 19: 222-228. Rehabilitation and soil conservation effort on degraded lands is not always a success. Multiple factors, such as the field’ biogeophysical conditions and the choice of suitable plant species determine the effectivity of the rehabilitation program. Our research aimed to implement agroforestry system of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) on degraded land at different soil slopes (a steep and a slightly steep slope gradient) and to analyze the effect of the system on silvicultural and hydro-orological aspects of the degraded land. The silvicultural parameters examined in this study were the ground coverage of peanut growth and the stem diameter and height of sengon trees. Meanwhile, the hydro-orological parameters included potential erosion rate, erosion hazard index, and erosion hazard level. Our study revealed that on the land with the slightly steep slope (15-25%), the survival rate of sengon reached 90%, the ground coverage of the peanuts was 70-80%, the diameter and height increment of sengon trees reached 2.47 cm/year and 17.58 cm/year, respectively. Meanwhile, the potential erosion rate was 20.05 ton/ha/year, with an erosion hazard index of 0.80 (low) and a low hazard level. In the steeper ground (25-40%), the survival rate of sengon reached 90%, the peanut coverage was 50-60% and the diameter and height increment of the sengon were 2.37 cm/year and 16.41 cm/year, respectively. In the steep ground, potential erosion rate was 45.50 ton/ha/year, with an erosion hazard index of 3.25 (moderate) and a low hazard level. We concluded that the rehabilitation and soil conservation using sengon-peanut agroforestry system effectively suppressed erosion rate to a low erosion hazard.
Abstract. Karyati, Sarminah S, Karmini, Rujehan, Lestari VFE, Panorama WS. 2019. Silvicultural, hydro-orological and economic aspects of a combination of vegetative (Falcataria moluccana-Vigna cylindrica) and terrace systems in soils of different slopes. Biodiversitas 20: xxxx. Soil and water conservation techniques involving a combination of vegetative and mechanical systems will increase the benefits from both conservation aspect as well as economic aspect. This study was aimed at analyzing the silvicultural, hydro-orological and economic aspects of a combination of vegetative (Falcataria moluccana-Vigna cylindrica) and terrace system in soils of different slopes (a steep and a very steep slope gradient). The silvicultural parameters examined in this study were the ground coverage of V. cylindrica growth and survival rate, stem diameter and height of F. moluccana trees. The hydro-orological parameters included erosion rate, erosion hazard index, erosion hazard class, and erosion hazard level. The economic parameters included total cost, total revenue, and profit. The result showed that the survival rate, diameter increment and height increment of F. moluccana, and ground coverage of V. cylindrica in the land with the steep slope (>25-45%) was 90%, 2.02 cm year-1, 1.54 m year-1, and 80-90%, respectively. The erosion rate, erosion hazard index, erosion hazard class, and erosion hazard level in this steep slope was 0.38 ton ha year-1, 0.03 (low), I (very low), and very low, respectively. In the steeper ground (>45%), the survival rate of F. moluccana reached 90%, the V. cylindrica coverage was 70-79% and the diameter and height increment of F. moluccana was 1.63 cm year-1 and 1.19 m year-1, respectively. The erosion rate was 1.81 ton ha-1 year-1, erosion hazard index of 0.13 (low), erosion hazard class was I (very low), and erosion hazard level was low in the very steep slope land. The profit from V. cylindrica was Rp 3,865,000.00 ha-1 cropping season-1 and Rp 665,000.00 ha-1 cropping season-1 in steep slope and very steep slope, respectively. The application of the proposed combination of vegetative and terrace system could reduce surface runoff and erosion rate in the long term, in addition to providing short term economic benefits.
This study aims to determine the latest water quality conditions in terms of physical, chemical and biological properties in the DAS Bugis and DAS Wain. Analysis of water sample was conducted at the Water Quality Laboratory of the Department of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Mulawarman University, Samarinda. Data analysis refers to the Water Quality Standards based on East Kalimantan Regional Government Regulation No. 02/2011 about Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control. The results showed that the parameters of temperature, colour, TSS, TDS, BOD5, SO4 and NO3 were included in the Class I water quality standards that can be used as drinking water or for other consumption purposes. COD parameters (in the Right River Basin), DO and NH3 (in the River Basin) were included in Class II water quality standards, which can be used for water recreation infrastructure / facilities, freshwater fish farming, animal husbandry and plants irrigation. The pH parameters in the DAS Bugis were included in class IV water quality standards that can only be used to irrigate plants. Pollutant loads that contribute a lot to enter were agricultural and agricultural waste and domestic waste originating from community forest areas.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan nilai laju infiltrasi, permeabilitas tanah serta hubungan sifat fisik tanah terhadap laju infiltrasi dan permeabilitas tanah pada tujuh tutupan lahan yaitu: lahan yang ditanami jabon dan kedelai, lahan yang ditanami sengon dan kacang tanah, lahan dengan jenis dominan Dipterocarpaceae, lahan dengan jenis tegakan campuran, tutupan lahan mulsa alang-alang penuh, tutupan lahan mulsa alang-alang selang-seling dan lahan terbuka di Hutan Pendidikan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan laju infiltrasi tertinggi berturut-turut yaitu pada lahan dominasi famili Dipterocarpaceae 1921,52 mm/jam, mulsa alang-alang penuh 1080,9 mm/jam, tegakan campuran 825,74 mm/jam, mulsa alang-alang selang seling 613,71 mm/jam, tanaman sengon dan kacang tanah 495,88 mm/jam, tanaman jabon dan kedelai 199,71 mm/jam dan lahan terbuka adalah 95,9 mm/jam. Pada lahan yang didominasi oleh famili Dipterocarpaceae nilai laju infiltrasi paling tinggi dikarenakan tutupan lahan yang rapat dan kondisi serasah yang tebal sehingga membuat laju infiltrasi semakin meningkat. Permeabilitas tanah pada tutupan lahan berbeda yaitu mulsa alang-alang penuh 36,35 cm/jam, lahan jenis Dipterocarpaceae 30,27 cm/jam, mulsa alang-alang selang seling 27,93 cm/jam, lahan dengan tegakan campuran 25,5 cm/jam, lahan yang ditanami sengon dan kacang tanah 23,06 cm/jam, lahan yang ditanami jabon dan kedelai 21,71 cm/jam dan pada lahan terbuka 11,82 cm/jam.
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