Regulatory-legal and methodical aspects of social-hygienic monitoring and risk-oriented surveillance model integration

Popova, A.Yu.; Zaitseva, N.V.; May, I.V.; Kiryanov, D.A.

doi:10.21668/health.risk/2018.1.01

Cited by 5 publications

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“…В настоящее время Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека уделяется значительное внимание развитию методической поддержки риск-ориентированной модели контрольно-надзорной деятельности, в том числе практическому применению подходов количественной оценки вероятного риска здоровью населения, обусловленного водным фактором, в целях обеспечения соблюдения санитарно-гигиенических требований к питьевому водоснабжению [1,2]. Для реализации этих целей происходит интеграция системы социально-гигиенического мониторинга и риск-ориентированной модели надзора [3].…”

Section: коммунальная гигиенаunclassified

“…Пичужкиной с соавт. (2018) обращено внимание на тот факт, что наличие марганца в питьевой воде, обладающего струмогенным эффектом, влияет на региональные показатели заболеваемости детского населения диффузным зобом, связанной с микронутриентной недостаточностью, в частности с недостатком йода, концентрация которого в питьевой воде не превышает 0,05 мг/дм 3 [11,12]. И.Ю.…”

Section: коммунальная гигиенаunclassified

“…Вместе с тем, сравнительный анализ результатов проведенного исследования и ретроспективных региональных данных, опубликованных в 2001-2010 гг., показывает улучшение качества питьевой воды и связанное с этим снижение уровня риска для здоровья населения, особенно областного центра -города Воронежа [14][15][16]. Это объясняется реализацией плана мероприятий, определенных Постановлением от 25.08.2011 № 12 3 . В настоящее время (последние 4 года, 2017-2019 гг.)…”

Section: коммунальная гигиенаunclassified

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Health Risks for the Population of the Voronezh Region Related to Drinking Water Quality

Механтьев¹

2020

PH&LE

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The object of the study was the centralized drinking water supply system of the Voronezh Region. The purpose of the study was to assess health risks for the population of the Voronezh Region associated with drinking water quality. Materials and methods: The data of the regional drinking water quality monitoring system, which included monthly sampling and testing of water samples at 553 sites in 32 administrative districts and the city of Voronezh for 8 priority sanitary and chemical indicators (total hardness, concentrations of iron, manganese, nitrates, nitrites, boron, fluorine, and ammonium ions) for the years 2010-2019 were used. To achieve the objective based on monitoring studies of drinking water quality in the water distribution system, four generally accepted stages of risk assessment were implemented including hazard identification, evaluation of dose-response relationship, exposure assessment, risk quantification and characterization. When evaluating the exposure, four calculation scenarios were considered and probable body burdens for children and adults were calculated using the average long-term concentration and 95 percentile of concentration in a separate administrative territory. Results: Regional non-carcinogenic risks estimated on the basis of the average regional concentrations of priority pollutants did not exceed acceptable values (HQ < 1) for 6 of 7 ingredients. Unacceptable risk levels were observed in two of 33 administrative districts due to the presence of nitrates in drinking water (HQ ranged 1.34 to 2.95 for children and equaled 1.26 for adults). Detailed information for separate settlements (control points) using an aggravated scenario helped identify 4 rural settlements in 2 administrative districts with unacceptable risks for the child population of iron in drinking water (HQ up to 2.31), 230 settlements in 27 districts – of nitrates (HQ up to 9.51), one settlement – of boron (HQ = 1.17), and 35 settlements in 13 districts – of fluorine (HQ up to 4.17). Discussion: Summarizing the results of the regional studies of health risks for the population associated with the quality of drinking water, one can testify the shift of the problem to rural settlements where water treatment is practically null. The use of average concentrations of chemicals in drinking water in administrative districts proved to be insufficiently objective and having significant uncertainties. The reduction of uncertainties was achieved by a detailed review of the information for each monitoring site and the use of the 95th percentile concentration of the chemical to assess the health risks for children and adults. Conclusions: With a sufficient degree of certainty, the priority regional indicators determining the unacceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (HQ > 1) associated with the quality of drinking water include elevated levels of nitrates, fluorine, boron, and iron. Key words: drinking water, centralized water supply, water quality, public health risk.

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Section: коммунальная гигиенаunclassified

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Health Risks for the Population of the Voronezh Region Related to Drinking Water Quality

Механтьев¹

2020

PH&LE

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“…Нашими исследованиями показано увеличение доли площади урбанизированной территории, что косвенно свидетельствует о повышении антропотехногенной нагрузки на окружающую среду. Сегодня еще невозможно в полной мере использовать данные космического мониторинга для оценки риска здоровью населения, обусловленного воздействием техногенных факторов, и они могут применяться только совместно с наземным мониторингом, в том числе и в рамках социально-гигиеничес кого мониторинга, использующего результаты инструментального и лабораторного контроля показателей качества окружающей среды [16][17][18].…”

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Remote Sensing of the Earth as a Method of Assessing Environmental Quality of Urban Areas

Епринцев¹,

Клепиков²,

Шекоян³

2020

PH&LE

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Introduction: Spatial zoning of an urban area by the level of anthropogenic burden using land-based research methods is very time-consuming. Since the end of the 20th century, the usage of the Earth remote sensing (ERS) techniques has served as their more efficient alternative. The study objectives included geoinformation zoning and evaluation of the level of technogenic changes in the areas according to NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values. Materials and methods: The cities of the Voronezh Region and their suburban ten-kilometer territories were chosen as the study objects. For the spatial analysis of the area of anthropogenically modified territories based on the example of the cities of the Voronezh Region we created an archive of multichannel satellite images taken by the Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 satellites. The data were borrowed from the Website of the US Geological Survey. Space images were grouped by two periods (the years of 2001 and 2016). Depending on NDVI values, territories with high and low anthropogenic burden, natural framework zones, and water bodies were distinguished. Results: We established that the smallest percentage of areas of the natural framework and their poor location was observed in the city of Voronezh. The largest area occupied by the natural framework was identified within the town of Borisoglebsk. This fact is attributed to the sensible policy of ensuring environmental and hygienic safety of the population implemented by the regional and municipal authorities. Discussion: At present, it is still impossible to fully use space monitoring data to assess health risks of technogenic factors; they can only be used simultaneously with ground monitoring that includes instrumental and laboratory monitoring of environmental quality indicators within the framework of the socio-hygienic monitoring. Conclusions: The analysis of changes in the proportion of areas with a high anthropogenic burden relative to the natural framework performed using satellite images taken in 2001 and 2016 showed an increase in the technogenic burden on the urban environment.

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Methodical Approach to the Investigation of Reserves in the Performance and Management in the System of Federal Service for Surveillance Over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor) as According to Prevented Health Losses in the Population of the Russian Federation

Zaitseva

Kiryanov

Tsinker

et al. 2019

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Introduction. Search solutions to strategic tasks aimed at preservation of population health in the Russian Federation requires an increase in the productivity and efficiency of public administration, including that performed by control and surveillance organizations. Material and methods. The article focuses on an algorithm for assessing the efficiency of control and surveillance activities performed by Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being organizations and authorities. The authors calculated population morbidity and mortality rate associated with adverse effects produced by the environment and prevented due to control and surveillance activities by Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being. The calculation was based on certain regularities related to the interaction between compartments in a tripartite system “ Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being activities - environmental objects quality - population health”. The authors also suggest indices that can help to estimate the productivity of activities performed by Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being and its managerial resources. Spatial classification and typologization of the RF regions was performed as per a set of parameters with k-means cluster analysis. Results. The suggested approaches were tested in research on the productivity of control and surveillance activities aimed at a decrease in a population mortality and morbidity rate in the RF regions caused by neoplasms and circulatory system diseases and associated with the environment quality. The authors estimated a contribution made by Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being activities on providing sanitary-epidemiologic well-being in the achievement of target figures on population mortality caused by neoplasms and circulatory system diseases. Discussion. There are vital tasks that need to be solved if we wish to increase the productivity of Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being activities as per criteria that reflect prevented population health losses caused by the sanitary-epidemiologic situation. Finding solutions to these tasks requires creating a system of additional managerial actions aimed at improving the quality of environmental objects; it can be done due to the redistribution of resources spent on the performance of Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being activities. The task is an optimization one and is an object for further research and publications by the authors. Conclusion. Analytical techniques described in the article are universal and are not confined to a specific social-economic system or a public administration system. It makes wide implementation of the suggested approaches quite possible; they can be applied to estimate contributions made by various public authorities in achievement of target figures.

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Regulatory-legal and methodical aspects of social-hygienic monitoring and risk-oriented surveillance model integration

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Health Risks for the Population of the Voronezh Region Related to Drinking Water Quality

Health Risks for the Population of the Voronezh Region Related to Drinking Water Quality

Remote Sensing of the Earth as a Method of Assessing Environmental Quality of Urban Areas

Methodical Approach to the Investigation of Reserves in the Performance and Management in the System of Federal Service for Surveillance Over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor) as According to Prevented Health Losses in the Population of the Russian Federation

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