“…Nineteen out of the 25 studies utilized permanent MCAO models, and the remaining six studies [14, 21–23, 25, 26] were temporary MCAO models in which ischemic time varied from 1 to 2 hours. Fifteen studies utilized a dose gradient of catalpol: six studies [23, 27–30, 35] administrated 15, 30, and 60 mg kg −1 intragastrically, four studies [18, 24, 25, 31] used 1, 5, and 10 mg kg −1 intraperitoneally, two studies [21, 22] used 1 and 5 mg kg −1 intraperitoneally, one study [32] used 1, 3, and 5 mg kg −1 intraperitoneally, one study [36] used 5 and 10 mg kg −1 intraperitoneally, and one study [18] used 1.42, 7, and 14.2 mg kg −1 intraperitoneally. Twenty-three studies administrated catalpol after stroke; one study administrated catalpol before stroke [14]; and two studies administrated catalpol before and after stroke [18, 25].…”