Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders

Chen, Yijing; Xu, Jinying; Chen, Yu

doi:10.3390/nu13062099

Cited by 286 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated multiple complex pathways between the gut and the brain [119], linking chemotherapy induced gut-brain axis dysregulation with cognitive impairment, depression and fatigue [127]. The gut microbiota has also been linked with various neurological disorders [128]. In fact, cisplatin causes gut microbiota dysbiosis directly (i.e., cisplatin affects microbiota [129,130]) and indirectly (injury of epithelial cells and inflammation; mucositis [131]), which in the long term can contribute to chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment [127,132], all of which are frequent complications of cisplatin therapy in cancer survivors.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Toxicity Can Impair Kidney and Brain Function And Vice Versamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cisplatin Mouse Models: Treatment, Toxicity and Translatability

Perše

2021

Biomedicines

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Cisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of a wide range of pediatric and adult malignances. However, it has various side effects which limit its use. Cisplatin mouse models are widely used in studies investigating cisplatin therapeutic and toxic effects. However, despite numerous promising results, no significant improvement in treatment outcome has been achieved in humans. There are many drawbacks in the currently used cisplatin protocols in mice. In the paper, the most characterized cisplatin protocols are summarized together with weaknesses that need to be improved in future studies, including hydration and supportive care. As demonstrated, mice respond to cisplatin treatment in similar ways to humans. The paper thus aims to illustrate the complexity of cisplatin side effects (nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity and myelotoxicity) and the interconnectedness and interdependence of pathomechanisms among tissues and organs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The paper offers knowledge that can help design future studies more efficiently and interpret study outcomes more critically. If we want to understand molecular mechanisms and find therapeutic agents that would have a potential benefit in clinics, we need to change our approach and start to treat animals as patients and not as tools.

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Section: Gastrointestinal Toxicity Can Impair Kidney and Brain Function And Vice Versamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cisplatin Mouse Models: Treatment, Toxicity and Translatability

Perše

2021

Biomedicines

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“…By way of illustration, Escherichia coli can release dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline, while Lactobacilli produce serotonin, GABA, acetylcholine, and histamine [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], which can influence the host brain. This mechanism has been proposed to play an important role in the development of certain neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), depressive disorders, and autism spectrum disorders [ 42 , 43 ]. Furthermore, SCFAs are capable of indirectly affecting the gut–brain axis by inducing the release of some gut hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and leptin, through enteroendocrine cells.…”

Section: Gut–brain Interplaymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut Microbiota and Gut–Brain Interplay in Selected Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Doroszkiewicz

Groblewska

Mroczko

2021

IJMS

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The gut microbiome has attracted increasing attention from researchers in recent years. The microbiota can have a specific and complex cross-talk with the host, particularly with the central nervous system (CNS), creating the so-called “gut–brain axis”. Communication between the gut, intestinal microbiota, and the brain involves the secretion of various metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), structural components of bacteria, and signaling molecules. Moreover, an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition modulates the immune system and function of tissue barriers such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the aim of this literature review is to describe how the gut–brain interplay may contribute to the development of various neurological disorders, combining the fields of gastroenterology and neuroscience. We present recent findings concerning the effect of the altered microbiota on neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, as well as multiple sclerosis. Moreover, the impact of the pathological shift in the microbiome on selected neuropsychological disorders, i.e., major depressive disorders (MDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is also discussed. Future research on the effect of balanced gut microbiota composition on the gut–brain axis would help to identify new potential opportunities for therapeutic interventions in the presented diseases.

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“…In recent years, intestinal microbiota involvement has gained high importance in numerous pathologies, including gut-brain disorders such as IBDs (217), depression (218), or Alzheimer's disease (219). In this context, several studies have indicated that 5-HT and serotonergic system modulation by intestinal microbiota are critical in the maintenance of the gut-brain axis (220)(221)(222). Microbiota can produce tryptophan and tryptamine, directly affecting central 5-HT production (223).…”

Section: Intestinal Microbiota: Direct Effects On Serotonergic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk Between Intestinal Serotonergic System and Pattern Recognition Receptors on the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis

et al. 2021

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Disruption of the microbiota–gut–brain axis results in a wide range of pathologies that are affected, from the brain to the intestine. Gut hormones released by enteroendocrine cells to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are important signaling molecules within this axis. In the search for the language that allows microbiota to communicate with the gut and the brain, serotonin seems to be the most important mediator. In recent years, serotonin has emerged as a key neurotransmitter in the gut–brain axis because it largely contributes to both GI and brain physiology. In addition, intestinal microbiota are crucial in serotonin signaling, which gives more relevance to the role of the serotonin as an important mediator in microbiota–host interactions. Despite the numerous investigations focused on the gut–brain axis and the pathologies associated, little is known regarding how serotonin can mediate in the microbiota–gut–brain axis. In this review, we will mainly discuss serotonergic system modulation by microbiota as a pathway of communication between intestinal microbes and the body on the microbiota–gut–brain axis, and we explore novel therapeutic approaches for GI diseases and mental disorders.

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Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders

Cited by 286 publications

References 132 publications

Cisplatin Mouse Models: Treatment, Toxicity and Translatability

Cisplatin Mouse Models: Treatment, Toxicity and Translatability

The Role of Gut Microbiota and Gut–Brain Interplay in Selected Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Crosstalk Between Intestinal Serotonergic System and Pattern Recognition Receptors on the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis

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