Regeneration of plantlets from petiole callus of wild viola (Viola patrinii DC.)

Abstract

Plantlets were regenerated from 5-year subcultured compact callus derived from petiole tissues of wild viola (Viola patrinii DC.) but not from 5-year subcultured friable callus. Regeneration occurred most efficiently on medium that contained two-fold diluted basal salts of Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium, 5 × 10(-6) M 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 10(-6) M kinetin. The effect of dilution of MS basal salts could also be achieved solely by two-fold dilution of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the mixture.The present study revealed that dilution of MS basal salts, in particular of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, was important for the regeneration of wild viola. Moreover, although the callus had been subcultured for 5 years, regeneration of plantlets from callus was still possible. In addition, scanning electron microscopy revealed that details of the process of plant regeneration from subcultured callus varied with the age and source of callus and differed from that reported in rice.

In vitro regeneration and secondary metabolites of Viola caspia subsp. sylvestrioides Marcussen

“…Petiole explants and half-strength MS medium (2.8 mg/l) were more productive in efficient shoot organogenesis in Viola caspia subsp. sylvestrioides, in agreement with previously re-ported results on Viola wittrockiana (Sato et al, 1995), where it was shown that multiple shoot organogenesis could be achieved from petiole callus using a halfstrength MS medium supplemented with BAP in combination with NAA. The number of regenerated shoots formed on leaf explants was greater than the number of shoots obtained on petiole explants (approx.…”

“…Depending on the genotype of plants and the type of explants, TDZ induces different regeneration responses (Passey et al, 2003). TDZ, with a high cytokinin-like activity (Huetteman and Preece, 1993), is widely used to promote shoot proliferation in many plant species, including the members of Violaceae (Sato et al, 1995;Slazak et al, 2015;Żabicki et al, 2019). The study by Slazak et al (2015) revealed that TDZ had the potential to induce direct and indirect organogenesis in leaf and petiole explants of Viola uliginosa Besser (Slazak et al, 2015).…”

Advancement in protocol for in vitro seed germination, plant regeneration and cryopreservation of Viola cornuta

“…The best results were achieved on media with half-strength MS mineral salts containing full-strength Na-FeEDTA and vitamins. These findings are in agreement with those of Sato et al (1995) and Mokhtari et al (2016), who revealed that dilution of basal salts of MS medium was important for successful shoot induction and plantlet regeneration of other violas and pansies.…”

“…This is in accordance with results obtained for not only seedling explants, but also other ex vitro or in vitro grown shoots of different Viola spp. (Sato et al 1995;Wang and Bao 2007;Vishwakarma et al 2013;Antonić et al 2017). Seedling explants (petiole, leaf or root segments) as an initial source of primary explants for establishing a protocol for Viola spp.…”

“…To date, several studies have been available about in vitro plant regeneration of ornamentally or medicinally important Viola species such as: V. baoshanensis (Li et al 2011), V. tricolor (Babber and Sharma 1991), V. odorata (Wijowska et al 1999;Naeem et al 2013), V. patrini (Sato et al 1995;Chalageri and Babu 2012), V. pilosa (Soni and Kaur 2014), V. serpens (Vishwakarma et al 2013), V. uliginosa (Slazak et al 2015 and V. wittrockiana (Wang and Bao 2007). Different types of initial explants have been used for the establishment of callus cultures of Viola spp., including unfertilized ovules (Wijowska et al 1999), seedling explants (Wang and Bao 2007;Li et al 2011), or explants obtained ex vitro (Chalageri and Babu 2012;Naeem et al 2013) or in vitro grown plants (Antonić et al 2017).…”