Reflections on my Critics

Kuhn, Thomas S.

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139171434.011

Cited by 564 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the first, Hanson (1958), Kuhn (1970Kuhn ( , 1996 and Feyerabend (1978) have claimed that observation is theory-laden; that is, our observations are ''coloured'' by our background beliefs and assumptions (and therefore can never be, even under the most ideal circumstances or controlled experimental settings, the unmitigated perception of the nature of things). In the second, Duhem (1982) and Quine (1960) have argued that theories are underdetermined by data.…”

Section: Post-positivist Philosophy Of Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

On evidence and evidence-based medicine: Lessons from the philosophy of science

Goldenberg

2006

Social Science & Medicine

325

248

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The evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement is touted as a new paradigm in medical education and practice, a description that carries with it an enthusiasm for science that has not been seen since logical positivism flourished (circa 1920-1950). At the same time, the term ''evidence-based medicine'' has a ring of obviousness to it, as few physicians, one suspects, would claim that they do not attempt to base their clinical decision-making on available evidence. However, the apparent obviousness of EBM can and should be challenged on the grounds of how 'evidence' has been problematised in the philosophy of science. EBM enthusiasm, it follows, ought to be tempered.The post-positivist, feminist, and phenomenological philosophies of science that are examined in this paper contest the seemingly unproblematic nature of evidence that underlies EBM by emphasizing different features of the social nature of science. The appeal to the authority of evidence that characterizes evidence-based practices does not increase objectivity but rather obscures the subjective elements that inescapably enter all forms of human inquiry. The seeming common sense of EBM only occurs because of its assumed removal from the social context of medical practice. In the current age where the institutional power of medicine is suspect, a model that represents biomedicine as politically disinterested or merely scientific should give pause. r

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Section: Post-positivist Philosophy Of Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

On evidence and evidence-based medicine: Lessons from the philosophy of science

Goldenberg

2006

Social Science & Medicine

325

248

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“…Given the usual variation in individual preferences, Kuhn underdetermination can be expected to produce the desired division of the community. Individual uncertainty leads to the collective epistemic optimum (Kuhn, 1970b(Kuhn, , p. 248, 1977Hoyningen-Huene, 1992, pp. 493-494;Carrier, 2002, p. 58).…”

Section: The Aim and Structure Of Methodological Theory 275mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aim And Structure Of Methodological Theory

Carrier

2008

Rethinking Scientific Change and Theory Comparison

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“…There is, I believe, a true incommensurability, as identified by Kuhn (4,5), between the language used by the scientific community and that employed, at a largely unconscious level, by the public. Judging from media reports a curious paradox exists in that some people are relieved that the perceived consequences of the Chernobyl accident are so slight given the magnitude of the accident (28 deaths from radiation sickness among some 200 exposed during firefighting on site, and about 1000 thyroid cancers) whereas others are almost disappointed that there have not been, as predicted by some, hundreds of thousands of casualties.…”

Section: Psychosocial Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The essential point about a new paradigm is that of incommensurability of the languages used for the old and new paradigms (4,5 while not spinning and upright on its tip while spinning. This latter state is stable because of the rotational kinetic energy being dissipated, the symmetry of the structure and the levelness and smoothness of the surface upon which it is spinning.…”

Section: Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives in radiation and health: reflections on the International Conference in Beer Sheva.

Baverstock

1997

Environ Health Perspect

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Insofar as international conferences reflect the state of development of the subject under discussion, they provide an opportunity to question, at a rather fundamental level, the direction of and progress in the subject. With regard to the effects of radiation on health, many of the problems faced today, including uncertainties in the relationship between risk and dose and the origins of the psychosocial phenomena associated with many aspects of environmental radiation exposure, arise from a lack of adequate frameworks within which to understand the radiopathological impact of radiation exposure and the psychological and social implications of such exposures. It is concluded that in seeking an understanding of the relationship of health effects to exposure, through the underlying radiobiological processes, the perturbation of the dynamic interactions within the components of the organism should receive more emphasis.The public perception of risk from environmental radiation exposures appears to encompass factors in addition to the accrued health detriment. It is argued that the radiological protection of the public might be seen more beneficially in the context of other environmental risks. Environ Health Perspect 105(Suppl 6):161 1-1 617 (1997)

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Reflections on my Critics

Cited by 564 publications

References 6 publications

On evidence and evidence-based medicine: Lessons from the philosophy of science

On evidence and evidence-based medicine: Lessons from the philosophy of science

The Aim And Structure Of Methodological Theory

Perspectives in radiation and health: reflections on the International Conference in Beer Sheva.

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