Refining of Crude Canola Oil using PSA Ultrafiltration Membrane

Abstract

The aim of this paper was to study the behavior of spiral wound configuration of polysulfone amide (PSA) membrane with 20 kDa molecular weight cut off (MWCO) in pilot-plant scale equipment used for refining micella canola oil under different operating conditions. Refining process parameters including phospholipids (PLs), color and free fatty acids (FFAs) were measured to express retentions (R%) and the permeate flux, membrane fouling and hydraulic resistances were determined to analyze the ultrafiltration process performance. The results showed that the permeate flux was decreased considerably with increasing process time, although it was increased by increasing temperature from 30 to 50˚C and transmembrane pressure from 1.5 to 2 bar. The irreversible fouling resistance (Rif) and percentage of fouling were decreased as the temperature or transmembrane pressure increased. The concentration polarization resistance (Rrf) was much higher than other resistances; therefore reversible resistance had an important role in total hydraulic resistance. The retention of PLs, FFAs and color was so interesting since it can improve greatly the efficiency of oil refining process. The retention of PLs and FFAs was increased by temperature and decreased by transmembrane pressure and time; however, there was no significant difference in removing color under different operating conditions.

Latest advances in degumming feedstock oils for large‐scale biodiesel production

“…Rafe et al 73 studied the effect of temperature on PL retention by membranes. Increasing temperature decreased retention; this might be due to the dissolution of the PLs or disruption of the reverse micellar structure.…”

Phospholipids of Rapeseeds and Rapeseed Oils: Factors Determining Their Content and Technological Significance—A Review

“…(78,92,93) In a nonpolar environment, such as hexane or oil, phospholipid particles reveal a tendency to form reverse micelles with a mean molecular weight of 20 kDa or more. (94) Such a large molecular weight makes it possible to separate phospholipids from triacylglycerols (of molecular weight of about 0.8 kDa) by the ultrafiltration method using appropriate membranes.…”

“…To date, a significant limitation for applying this method was the low stability of membranes in organic solvents and a low flow of the permeate. Rafe et al (92) demonstrated that a spiral wound configuration of polysulfone amide (PSA) membrane made it possible to obtain a high degree of phospholipid removal from rapeseed oil -99.6%. Niazmand et al (93) on the other hand, found that the pretreatment of rapeseed oils with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) before ultrafiltration with the use of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane made it possible to remove 89% of the total phosphorus content.…”

Purification of Camellia Oil by Inorganic Ceramic Membrane

“…published his patent: Refining Crude Oil by Filtration. Various membrane materials for purifying solvent oils/crude oils have been explored experimentally by different research teams in which they have achieved great success in the purification of the membrane [ 20 ]. So, purification of the membrane is performed by molecular size as well as molecular weight, and membrane materials are divided into organic and inorganic membranes [ 21 ].…”