Latest advances in degumming feedstock oils for large‐scale biodiesel production

Abstract

The removal of gummy or mucilaginous substances from vegetable oils, commonly known as degumming, is required for the use of crude vegetable oils as the feedstock for biodiesel production. These gums reduce the rate of transesterification reactions by deactivation of the catalyst and they hinder the separation of the glycerol phase from the biodiesel. They also cause the deposition of carbon particles within engine machinery and affect performance. To take care of these issues, gums should be separated from the oils to make the oils suitable for use as fuel. Chemical treatment, membrane separation, and biological separation processes have been reported in the literature for this purpose. In the chemical treatment process aqueous solutions of chemicals like acids, bases, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and water are used for separating gums. The membrane separation process is based on size exclusion, and polymeric, ceramic, and inorganic membranes are used to separate gums from oil. In biological degumming, phospholipase groups of enzymes are used. These enzymes hydrolyze gums into fatty acids and lipophilic substances. Enzyme degumming also enhances oil‐phase yield. This paper reviews the chemical nature of gums and presents a comprehensive critical summary of different degumming technologies, their specific features, effecting parameters, advantages and disadvantages, and industrial uses. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Exploitation of Soybean Oil Acid Degumming Waste: Biocatalytic Synthesis of High Value Phospholipids

“…In industrial practice, crude seed oils undergo a refining cycle generally composed of six steps: degumming, neutralization, winterization, decolourization, deodorization and clarification. [2] The main goal of these processes is the removal of undesirable minor components, which could damage the quality of the final consumer product. The first refining step is constituted by two consecutive processes: water degumming and acid degumming, both have an important role in the removal of the phospholipids (PLs) from crude oils, thus improving their physical stability and facilitating further processing.…”

Determination of a Chemical Marker in Dipterocarpus alatus Oleoresin Samples and Bioactivity Screening via Antioxidants, Nitric Oxide Inhibition on Murine RAW 264.7 Cells, and Collagen Production on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts

“…The degumming process helps to separate phospholipids from the oil in oleoresin. 22 Phospholipid molecules are known to improve the oxidative stability of the vegetable oils, and synergists of phenolic compounds and possibly other constituents with antioxidant activity were partly destroyed during degumming process. 23 Based on the results, the degumming method significantly caused reduction of TPC, and some active compounds which also affect biological activity.…”

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil

“…However, the major drawbacks of membrane processing are the fouling effect and the high-energy demand because it is a pressure-driven process (Elorm & Sudesh, 2020). Additionally, the instability of the membrane in contact with solvent deters the application of membrane processing in palm oil industries (Sharma, Yadav, & Upadhyay, 2019). On the flip side, molecular distillation is an excellent tool for recovery of heat-sensitive phytonutrients such as carotenoids.…”