Reference values for the Timed Up and Go test in healthy Japanese elderly people: Determination using the methodology of meta‐analysis

Kamide, Naoto; Takahashi, Kayoko; Shiba, Yoshitaka

doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2011.00704.x

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The search terms used were ''hand grip strength/akuryoku,'' ''hand strength,'' ''grip,'' ''grasp,'' ''strength,'' ''power,'' ''older people/koureisya,'' ''aged,'' and ''elderly'' in appropriate combinations. The selection criteria for papers used in the meta-analysis were set as follows in accordance with earlier studies [12][13][14][15]: (1) papers written in Japanese or English; (2) papers on Japanese community-dwelling people aged C60 years old; (3) papers on community-dwelling elderly independent in activities of daily living (ADLs); (4) papers not examining frail elderly or elderly with an evident disease; (5) papers reporting measurements in kilograms or Newtons; (6) papers reporting data on hand grip strength by sex; and (7) papers listing the number of subjects and the mean and standard deviation (SD) of hand grip strength. Four researchers (NK, RK, TN, and MA) held discussions to determine search terms to use and which papers to include in the analysis.…”

Section: Paper Retrieval Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other reports have suggested that racial differences exist in hand grip strength and other physical performance tests [11,12]. Therefore, reference values not based on measurements in Asians [9] are not appropriate for Japanese people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To set reference values for hand grip strength that can be adapted to Japanese people, data from a large sample obtained from a wide geographic area are needed. Thus far, we have used metaanalysis to integrate research data from various areas to more accurately set reference values for several motor function tests such as the Timed Up and Go test [12][13][14][15]. The aim of this study was to calculate reference values for hand grip strength in independent Japanese communitydwelling elderly using meta-analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference values for hand grip strength in Japanese community-dwelling elderly: a meta-analysis

Kamide

Kamiya

Nakazono

et al. 2015

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives Reference values for hand grip strength in Japanese community-dwelling elderly independent in activities of daily living (ADLs) were calculated by metaanalysis. Methods Papers reporting data on hand grip strength in elderly Japanese adults C60 years of age and independent in ADLs were retrieved from electronic databases. Data were extracted from the selected papers and the weighted mean for hand grip strength by sex was calculated by random effect model. The association of hand grip strength with age and body weight was also analyzed using metaregression analysis. Results Data for 15,784 individuals (5216 men and 10,568 women; mean age 67.0-79.8 years) were extracted from 97 sets of data from 33 papers. The weighted mean for hand grip strength was calculated as 33.11 kg in women. A significant negative correlation was also seen between hand grip strength and age.Conclusions The mean hand grip strength of elderly people calculated in this study can be used as a reference value for the hand grip strength of Japanese communitydwelling elderly who are independent in ADLs. However, age needs to be considered in reference values for hand grip strength.

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Section: Paper Retrieval Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference values for hand grip strength in Japanese community-dwelling elderly: a meta-analysis

Kamide

Kamiya

Nakazono

et al. 2015

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Although there was some early concern about the TGUG test-retest reliability 36 further studies demonstrated that TGUG is a good measure of physical capability in older adults. 12,13,[37][38][39] Nevertheless, the lack of association between sarcopenia and the TGUG test has been found by others. 40,41 Merriwether et al 41 have studied 154 community-dwelling older adults (72% women) and found no relationship between sarcopenia defined as Baumgartner suggested and physical performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…All women were asked to sit in a 43-cm chair. 12,13 The time to get up, walk a 3-meter distance, walk back and sit again was recorded. Muscle strength was measured with a handgrip dynamometer (Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer, Sammons Preston, Chicago, IL), according to the American Society for Hand Therapists Society recommendation.…”

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia: evaluation of different diagnostic criteria and its association with muscle strength and functional capacity

Salame

Costa

Zottele

et al. 2015

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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Introduction: Sarcopenia has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older people. However, there is still no consensus about the best diagnostic criteria for it.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate different diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and their relationship with muscle strength and functional capacity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Santa Maria-RS, Brazil. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical performance was evaluated by the Timed-get-up-and-go test (TGUG). Muscle strength was measured with a handgrip dynamometer. The proposed criteria of sarcopenia were evaluated as follows: A) appendicular lean mass index (aLM/ht 2 ), cutoffs 5.5 kg/m 2 , 2SD, 10 th percentile, and 20 th percentile of young reference; B) a linear regression model was used to adjust appendicular lean mass (aLM) for both height and fat mass, cutoff 20 th percentile of elderly. Results: In total, 104 women agreed to participate in the research, 39 young (20 to 40 years) and 65 elderly (over 60 years). The prevalence of sarcopenia varied from 0% to 17.2% according to the diagnostic criteria. Regarding muscle strength, the aLM/ht 2 cutoff 10 th percentile was the criterion with greater area under the ROC curve. However, there were no criteria with an area under the ROC curve greater than 0.5 when TGUG was the outcome. The reclassification showed that the criterion B reclassified 66.7% with normal grip strength as sarcopenic. Conclusion: Of these criteria, aLM/ht 2 cutoff 10 th percentile had stronger correlation with muscle strength.

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Normative data for three physical frailty parameters in an aging, rural Indian population

Sundarakumar

Raviteja

Muñiz‐Terrera

et al. 2022

Health Science Reports

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Introduction Physical frailty is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. Since physical characteristics markedly vary with different populations, population‐specific norms for physical frailty parameters are necessary. Such norms are lacking for the Indian population, especially for older, rural Indians. We aimed to develop normative values for three quantitative, frailty parameters—handgrip strength, “Timed Up‐and‐Go” (TUG) test time, and physical activity in an aging, rural Indian population. Methods The study sample is from an ongoing, prospective, cohort (Srinivaspura NeuoSenescence and COGnition, SANSCOG) comprised of rural, community‐dwelling, cognitively healthy, aging Indians. Subjects are recruited through area sampling strategy, from villages of Srinivaspura, Kolar district, Karnataka state, India. Three physical frailty parameters of Fried's phenotype—handgrip strength (n = 1787), TUG time (n = 1863), and physical activity (n = 1640) were assessed using digital hand dynamometry, TUG test, and General Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), respectively. Results The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th percentiles for the three frailty parameters were: right‐hand grip strength (kg): males—13.9, 18.6, 23.8, 28.7, 33.7 and females—7.8, 10.6, 14.2, 17.9, 21.3; left‐hand grip strength (kg): males—13.3, 18.3, 23.6, 28.9, 32.9 and females—7.9, 10.5, 14.3, 17.8, 21.2; TUG time (s): males—9.1, 10.1, 11.4, 13.4, 15.5 and females—9.5, 10.7, 12.4, 14.5, 16.6; physical activity (MET‐minutes/week): males—1680; 4320; 8880; 15,840; 23,352 and females—1680; 4320; 9240; 15,120; 20,160. Discussion Our findings show that from 45 years onwards, overall grip strength decreases and TUG time increases, with women performing significantly poorer than men across all age groups, except >75 years, where no differences were seen. Physical activity did not show any consistent trend according to age or gender. Reference values for this aging, rural Indian population were substantially lower for grip strength and higher for TUG time than aging populations in several Western and other Asian countries.

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Reference values for the Timed Up and Go test in healthy Japanese elderly people: Determination using the methodology of meta‐analysis

Abstract: The reference values of TUG in Japanese healthy elderly people calculated in this study are certainly shorter than in African-Americans and Caucasians. The reference values of TUG estimated by our study appear to be specific for healthy, elderly, Japanese people.

Cited by 56 publications

References 31 publications

Reference values for hand grip strength in Japanese community-dwelling elderly: a meta-analysis

Reference values for hand grip strength in Japanese community-dwelling elderly: a meta-analysis

Sarcopenia: evaluation of different diagnostic criteria and its association with muscle strength and functional capacity

Normative data for three physical frailty parameters in an aging, rural Indian population

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