Reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests of the ferret (<i>Mustela putorius furo</i>)

This study aimed to compare the normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear secretion, by means of applanation tonometry and the Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1), in goats of the Saanen breed with different ages, and at different time points. Thirty six goats, free of ocular abnormalities, were grouped into three different age categories (n=12), animals with 45, 180 and 549 days of age. STT-1 and IOP measurements were carried out always at 9:00am and 7:00pm, during three consecutive days. Results were evaluated statistically (P<0.05). Regarding the time of the day, overall IOP values were significantly lower at 7:00 pm (P<0.001) in individuals with 45 days of age; whereas STT-1 values were significantly higher at 7:00pm (P=0.004) in goats with 549 days of age. Considering the sum of three days, both parameters were significantly lower in individuals with 45 days of age (P<0.001). Intraocular pressure and tear secretion values increase until 180 days of age in the Saanen breed of goats.INDEX TERMS: Ophthalmic semiotechnique, intraocular pressure, Schirmer tear test-1, goats.

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“…The same have been reported in dogs, capybaras, and ferrets (Gelatt & MacKay 1998, Mughannam et al 2004, Montiani-Ferreira et al 2006.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Intraocular pressure and tear secretion in Saanen goats with different ages

et al. 2010

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“…In male ferrets it was 4.80±0.88mmHg and in females 5.72±1.50mmHg (Montiani-Ferreira et al 2006). Guinea pigs have measurements of 0.36±1.09mm/min and this low level is thought to be the result of not having reflex secretions due to the low corneal sensitivity or limited lacrimal reflex (Trost et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Average IOP levels of several species have been reported in the literature, including hedgehog (20.1±4.0mmHg) (Ghaffari et al 2011), goat (Capra hicus) (10.8±1.7mmHg) (Broadwater et al 2007), Sanjabi sheep (9.60±2.87mmHg LE, 9.15±2.36mmHg RE) (Ghaffari et al 2011), llama (Lama glama) and alpacas (Lama pacos) 16.55±3.55mmHg (Nuhsbaum et al 2000), rhinoceros (32mmHg) , capybara (16.47±4.28 mmHg) (Montiani-Ferreira et al 2008), ferret (14.5±3.2mmHg) (Montiani-Ferreira et al 2006), zebra (29.47±3.43mmHg), Arabian oryx (11.76±3.43mmHg) (Ofri et al 1998) and broad-snouted caiman (12.9±3.2mmHg) (Oriá et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test values in maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

et al. 2016

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RESUMO.-[Pressão intraocular e teste lacrimal de Schirmer em lobos-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus).]O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer dados de referên-cia sobre a produção lacrimal (STT-1) e pressão intraocular (PIO) em lobos-guará em cativeiro. Foram utilizados 10 lobos-guará, saudáveis e adultos. Os animais foram contidos com cambão e mordaça e mantidos em decúbito lateral esquerdo. O TLS foi realizado no terço médio da pálpebra inferior, durante um minuto. A córnea foi dessensibilizada e a PIO mensurada com tonopen. A média do TLS-1 dos olhos direitos e esquerdo foi 11±5mm/ min, não havendo diferença significativa entre os olhos (p=0,960). A média da PIO dos olhos direitos e esquerdo foi 20±6mmHg, não observando diferença entre os olhos direitos e esquerdos (p=0,836). Média STT-1 foi menor do que, e PIO foi o mesmo que os níveis normais em cães. Não houve diferença estatística na idade dos animais e valores STT-1 e da PIO. No presente trabalho, os níveis médios de guará STT-1 foram mais baixos em comparação com as observadas nos cães, enquanto que a pressão intraocular foi a mesma nos lobos guará como em cães. Devido ao aumento da incidência na prestação de cuidados de emergência para vítimas de lobos-guará atropelamentos e incêndios, determinar os valores de referência dos parâmetros oculares podem melhorar o diagnóstico correto e tratamento de doenças. The purpose of this study was to establish baseline data on lacrimal quantity (STT-1) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in captive maned wolves. Ten healthy adult maned wolves were contained with a snare pole and muzzle and kept in decubitus of the left side. STT-1 measurement was performed on the lateral third of the lower conjunctival sac for one minute. The cornea was desensitized and intraocular pressure was measured with an tonopen. Average STT-1 in both eyes was 11±5mm.min -1 , with no statistical difference between the left and right eye (p=0.960). Average IOP in both eyes was 20±6mmHg, with no statistical difference between the left and right eye (p=0.836). Average STT-1 was lower than, and IOP was the same as normal levels found in dogs. There was no statistical difference in the age of the animals, and STT-1 and IOP values. In the present paper, average maned wolf STT-1 levels were lower compared with those found in dogs, while the IOP was the same in maned wolves as in dogs. Due to the increased incidence in providing emergency care for maned wolf victims of road kill and fires, determination reference values of ocular parameters may improve the correct diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

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“…There are several studies that have identified the resident microbiota of the conjunctiva and all showed the prevalence of Gram-positive, even in different animal species, such as dogs (Anvisa, 2013), horses, capybara, capuchin monkey, domestic ferret (Montiani-Ferreira et al, 2006;2008a;2008b) or even aquatic habitat animals as beavers, showed the same profile (Cullen, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main genus of microorganisms isolated in ophthalmic changes animals are Staphylococcus (Prado et al, 2005); Wang et al, 2008), followed by Streptococcus, Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli (Tolar et al, 2006) In dogs, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is identified as the main agente (Montiani-Ferreira et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Assessment in Canine Ophthalmic Infections

Sfaciotte

Coronel

Snak

et al. 2018

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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The objective of this study was to identify the main microorganisms associated with ophthalmic infections and determine the resistance profile of these isolates against antimicrobial drugs. 26 bacterial isolates from 18 canine ophthalmic infections were submited to the phenotypic resistance profile for 36 drugs of 12 classes of antimicrobials, research of multidrug-resistant strains with importance in public health and detection of Staphylococcus mecA gene by PCR. The bacterial isolates were identified as Staphylococcus spp. (n = 18), Enterococcus spp. (n = 1), enterobacteria (n = 6) and Pseudomonas spp. (n = 1). The percentage of resistance and intermediate resistance were 42.48% (n = 325). Considering separate antimicrobials drugs, 18 isolates were characterized by multidrug resistant, while by the assesment of resistance to class, 20 isolates were multiresistant. In the phenotypic detection, 61.11% (11/18) of Staphylococcus spp. were predicted by Methicillin-Resistant Staphyloccus (MRS), whereas the genotypic detection, 38.89% (7/18) were carriers of the mecA gene. Two enterobacterias were considered producers of expectro Extended of Betalactamase (ESBL). EUCAST was more reliable for detecting MRS strains than the CLSI. The present study detected multiresistant isolates of great importance and are involved in cases of public health, such as MRS, MRSMLSb, ESBL, very important to be readily identified and controled so as to prevent the spread of this type of resistance.

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Reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Cited by 62 publications

References 37 publications

Intraocular pressure and tear secretion in Saanen goats with different ages

Intraocular pressure and tear secretion in Saanen goats with different ages

Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test values in maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Assessment in Canine Ophthalmic Infections

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