Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test values in maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Honsho, Cristiane dos Santos; Jorge, Adriana Torrecilhas; Oliveira, Laura; Paulino-Junior, Daniel; Mattos-Junior, Ewaldo de; Nishimura, Lilian Toshiko; Dias, Walder O.

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2016000900020

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Radinsky [40] writes in his study that the South African Painted Dogs has the same number of chromosomes and similar neuroanatomy as the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Unfortunately there are fewer studies concerning the exact orbit and eye anatomy or studies in the fied of veterinary opthalmology in canines of the Atelocynus, Cuon, Cerdocyon [21,41,42], Chrysocyon [41,43] Dusicyon, Lycalopex, Nyctereutes, Otocyon, Speothos, Urocyon, and Vulpes genus than of the Canis genus (and the Canis lupus familairis in particular). Hence, the presented results significantly expand the existing knowledge on comparative anatomy in the orbit, eye and chosen accessory organs in wild Canidae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and morphometric evaluation of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands of the captive females of the South African painted dog (Lycaon pictus pictus Temminck, 1820) (Caniformia: Canidae)

Paszta¹,

Klećkowska-Nawrot

Goździewska-Harłajczuk

2021

PLoS ONE

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In this study, we present the first data concerning the anatomical, morphometrical, histological and histochemical study of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands in South African Painted Dogs (Lycaon pictus pictus). The study was performed using eyeball morphometry, analysis of the bony orbit including its morphometry, macroscopic study, morphometry, histological examination of the eye tunics and chosen accessory organs of the eye and histochemical analysis. The orbit was funnel shaped and was open-type. There was a single ethmoid opening for the ethmoid nerve on the orbital lamina. The pupil was round, while the ciliary body occupied a relatively wide zone. The iris was brown and retina had a pigmented area. The cellular tapetum lucidum was semi-circular and milky and was composed of 14–17 layers of tapetal cells arranged in a bricklike structure. In the lower eyelid, there was a single conjunctival lymph nodule aggregate. One or two additional large conjunctval folds were observed within the posterior surface of the upper eyelids. The superficial gland of the third eyelid had a serous nature. The third eyelid was T-shaped and was composed of hyaline tissue. Two to three conjunctival lymph nodul aggregates were present within the bulbar conjunctiva of the third eyelid. The lacrimal gland produced a sero-mucous secretion. A detailed anatomic analysis of the eye area in the captive South African Painted Dogs females showed the similarities (especially in the histological examination of the eyetunics and orbital glands) as well as the differences between the Painted dog and the other representatives of Canidae. The differences included the shape and size od the orbita with comparison to the domestic dog. Such differences in the orbit measurements are most likely associated with the skull type, which are defined in relation to domestic dogs. The presented results significantly expand the existing knowledge on comparative anatomy in the orbit, eye and chosen accessory organs in wild Canidae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and morphometric evaluation of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands of the captive females of the South African painted dog (Lycaon pictus pictus Temminck, 1820) (Caniformia: Canidae)

Paszta¹,

Klećkowska-Nawrot

Goździewska-Harłajczuk

2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Schirmer tear test values for the ring‐tailed coati (2.50 ± 2.39 mm/min) are lower than what has been described for other carnivores, such as ferrets (5.31 ± 1.32 mm/min 8 and 7.4 ± 1.9 11 ), cats (17.00 mm/min), 18 dogs (20.20 ± 2.50 mm/min), 19 crab‐eating foxes (13.37 ± 0.94 mm/min), 20 and maned wolves (11.00 ± 5.00 mm/min) 21 . The small size of palpebral fissure length may have influenced the introduction of the STT strip on the conjunctival sac of the juveniles, leading to the low values found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Applanation tonometry values have been established for other carnivores, such as ferrets (14.50 ± 3.27 mmHg), 8 crab‐eating foxes (10.43 ± 0.96 mmHg), 20 maned wolves (20.00 ± 6.00 mmHg), 21 and lions (23.90 ± 4.10 mmHg) 29 . Despite having the lowest STT of carnivores studied to date, the IOP values found for the ring‐tailed coati with TonoPen® XL (18.66 ± 4.16 mmHg) are higher than several other species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular examination findings and measurements of tear production and tonometry of ring‐tailed coatis ( nasua nasua )

et al. 2021

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Objective: To describe ocular anatomical features and to determine tear production and tonometry in normal anesthetized ring-tailed coati (Nasua nasua). Animals: Eight male and seven female ring-tailed coatis (30 eyes) were evaluated, with ages ranging from 7 months to 10 years old. Procedures: The animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and had STT 1, rebound and applanation tonometry, and palpebral fissure length (PFL) measured in both eyes.Rebound tonometry was measured with both TonoVet® and TonoVet Plus®. All eyes were evaluated with slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Following pharmacological mydriasis, direct fundoscopy was performed. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for the data analysis. Results: There were upper and lower eyelids, as well as a third eyelid. Eyelashes were present on the upper eyelid, while meibomian glands openings were visible on both.The bulbar conjunctiva was pigmented. The pupil was obliquely horizontally ovoid and teardrop shaped when miotic. The color of the iris and tapetum lucidum varied with age. The optic disk was round, and the retina was holangiotic. The mean ± standard deviation values obtained were as follows: STT: 2.50 ± 2.39 mm/min; rebound tonometry: 9.50 ± 2.43 mmHg (TonoVet®, calibration P), 14.60 ± 2.82 mmHg (TonoVet®, calibration D), 18.93 ± 3.99 mmHg (TonoVet Plus®, calibration dog); applanation tonometry: 18.66 ± 4.16 mmHg; PFL: 10.98 ± 1.67 mm. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Anatomical and clinical ophthalmic data presented in this study are unprecedented for this species. The results can be used as clinical reference parameters, allowing for better care of these species. The lack of data for the Procyonidae family must be regarded as an incentive for more studies. K E Y W O R D Sintraocular pressure, optic nerve, palpebral fissure length, ring-tailed coati, Schirmer tear test, wild animals How to cite this article: Carvalho CM, Rodarte-Almeida AC, Moore BA, Borges BP, Machado MT, Galera PD. Ocular examination findings and measurements of tear production and tonometry of ring-tailed coatis (nasua nasua).

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“…Consequently, ophthalmic parameters of domestic species are extrapolated to wild species; however, each species has its morphofunctional peculiarities. Schirmer tear test 1 and intraocular pressure of maned wolves were discussed by Honsho et al (2016); however, there are no published data on the cytological and histologic features of its conjunctiva. Thus, this study aimed to describe the cytological and histological features of the bulbar conjunctival layers in maned wolves.…”

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confidence: 99%

A study on the morphoquantitative and cytological characteristics of the bulbar conjunctiva of the maned wolf ( Chrysocyon brachyurus; Illiger, 1815 )

Garcia¹,

Estrela

Soares

et al. 2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test values in maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Anatomical and morphometric evaluation of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands of the captive females of the South African painted dog (Lycaon pictus pictus Temminck, 1820) (Caniformia: Canidae)

Anatomical and morphometric evaluation of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands of the captive females of the South African painted dog (Lycaon pictus pictus Temminck, 1820) (Caniformia: Canidae)

Ocular examination findings and measurements of tear production and tonometry of ring‐tailed coatis ( nasua nasua )

A study on the morphoquantitative and cytological characteristics of the bulbar conjunctiva of the maned wolf ( Chrysocyon brachyurus; Illiger, 1815 )

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