Referees' use of heuristics: The moderating impact of standard of competition

Souchon, Nicolas; Cabagno, Genevieve; Traclet, Alan; Trouilloud, David; Maio, Gregory R.

doi:10.1080/02640410902874729

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The opposite was true for the more prestigious Premier League and Championship, where taller referees issued more red cards and awarded more penalties than shorter referees. These findings demonstrate the importance of contextual influences, consistent with previous research investigating referee behaviour at different levels of competition32 .…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Referee height influences decision making in British football leagues.

McCarrick¹,

Brewer²,

Lyons³

et al. 2019

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Background: Male height is positively associated with social dominance, and more agonistic/competitive behaviours. However, the 'Napoleon complex' or 'small man syndrome' suggests that smaller males are more assertive and punitive to compensate for lack of height and social dominance. Here, we assess possible relationships between height and punitive behaviours in a real-world setting.Methods: Using a non-experimental correlational design, we analysed data on 61 male association football referees from four professional leagues in England, and explored relationships between their height and punitive behaviours in the form of yellow cards, red cards and penalties given during an entire season. Results:Overall there was no effect of referee height on fouls awarded. However, there was a main effect of height on yellow cards awarded, with shorter referees issuing more yellow cards. The same effect was found for red cards and penalties, though this was moderated by league. In the lower leagues, more red cards and penalties were awarded by relatively shorter referees, but in the higher leagues more red cards and penalties were awarded by relatively taller referees. Conclusions:These findings from real-life public dominance encounters show that height is associated with punitive behaviours, but is sensitive to context.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Referee height influences decision making in British football leagues.

McCarrick¹,

Brewer²,

Lyons³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Refereeing in team handball is a complex task, as handball is a fast, physical game involving continuous contact and offensive and defensive actions (Souchon et al, 2009). To meet the demands of officiating a match and withstand the pressure generated by players, crowds, and critical moments, referees need to be sufficiently prepared, both psychologically and technically (Gimeno et al, 1998; Debanne, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tools have also emerged to analyze the activity of coaches, who have an important influence on match tactics and outcomes (Debanne and Fontayne, 2009; Debanne, 2014). There is, however, a need for reliable, accurate tools for analyzing the performance of handball referees, as very few have been developed (Souchon et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-Making by Handball Referees: Design of an ad hoc Observation Instrument and Polar Coordinate Analysis

et al. 2017

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Referees are essential for sports such as handball. However, there are few tools available to analyze the activity of handball referees. The aim of this study was to design an instrument for observing the behavior of referees in handball competitions and to analyze the resulting data by polar coordinate analysis. The instrument contained 6 criteria and 18 categories and can be used to monitor and describe the actions of handball referees according to their role/position on the playing court. For the data quality control analysis, we calculated Pearson's (0.99), Spearman's (0.99), and Tau Kendall's (1.00) correlation coefficients and Cohen's kappa (entre 0.72 y 0.75) and Phi (entre 0.83 y 0.87) coefficients. In the generalizability analysis, the absolute and relative generalizability coefficients were 0.99 in both cases. Polar coordinate analysis of referee decisions showed that correct calls were more common for central court and 7-meter throw calls. Likewise, calls were more likely to be incorrect (in terms of both errors of omission and commission) when taken from the goal-line position.

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“…As previously outlined, however, exploration of general heuristic Running head: HEURISTIC REASONING AND THE OBSERVER'S VIEW reasoning in sport psychology -and the availability heuristic in particular -has to date been rather limited in terms of total research conducted, and also in terms scope, with the bulk of papers attending almost exclusively to the issue of athletic performance (such as Bennis & Pachur, 2006). One of the best contemporary examples of work outside of the direct athlete-performance realm, however, is the work of Souchon et al (2009) '...the standard of competition interacted with the ambiguity of the offence to predict the disciplinary decision. Surprisingly, the more ambiguous fouls were punished as severely at a high standard of competition as at the low standard, while the more obvious fouls were penalized differently according to the standard of competition.…”

Section: Availability and The 'Schwarz Paradigm'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, and as is also true of the broader literature on sporting decisionmaking, it is certainly the case that the bulk of heuristics research that has hitherto been completed is concerned almost exclusively with sporting performance, and particularly performance in professional and elite sports (see, for example, Souchon, Cabagno, Traclet, Trouilloud, & Maio, 2009). This is, in many respects, a logical line of focus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%