Decision-Making by Handball Referees: Design of an ad hoc Observation Instrument and Polar Coordinate Analysis

Morillo, Juan P.; Reigal, Rafael E.; Mendo, Antonio Hernández; Montaña, Alejandro; Morales‐Sánchez, Verónica

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01842

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Readers can find numerous examples of the application of polar coordinate analysis in a wide range of fields in direct observation (e.g., Gorospe and Anguera, 2000 ; Herrero Nivela, 2000 ; Anguera et al, 2003 ; Castañer et al, 2016 , 2017 ; López et al, 2016 ; Aragón et al, 2017 ; Morillo et al, 2017 ; Santoyo et al, 2017 ; Suárez et al, 2018 ), and more recently indirect observation (e.g. Arias-Pujol and Anguera, 2017 ).…”

Section: Quantitative Processing Of Code Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Observation in Everyday Contexts: Concepts and Methodological Guidelines within a Mixed Methods Framework

et al. 2018

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Indirect observation is a recent concept in systematic observation. It largely involves analyzing textual material generated either indirectly from transcriptions of audio recordings of verbal behavior in natural settings (e.g., conversation, group discussions) or directly from narratives (e.g., letters of complaint, tweets, forum posts). It may also feature seemingly unobtrusive objects that can provide relevant insights into daily routines. All these materials constitute an extremely rich source of information for studying everyday life, and they are continuously growing with the burgeoning of new technologies for data recording, dissemination, and storage. Narratives are an excellent vehicle for studying everyday life, and quantitization is proposed as a means of integrating qualitative and quantitative elements. However, this analysis requires a structured system that enables researchers to analyze varying forms and sources of information objectively. In this paper, we present a methodological framework detailing the steps and decisions required to quantitatively analyze a set of data that was originally qualitative. We provide guidelines on study dimensions, text segmentation criteria, ad hoc observation instruments, data quality controls, and coding and preparation of text for quantitative analysis. The quality control stage is essential to ensure that the code matrices generated from the qualitative data are reliable. We provide examples of how an indirect observation study can produce data for quantitative analysis and also describe the different software tools available for the various stages of the process. The proposed method is framed within a specific mixed methods approach that involves collecting qualitative data and subsequently transforming these into matrices of codes (not frequencies) for quantitative analysis to detect underlying structures and behavioral patterns. The data collection and quality control procedures fully meet the requirement of flexibility and provide new perspectives on data integration in the study of biopsychosocial aspects in everyday contexts.

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Section: Quantitative Processing Of Code Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Observation in Everyday Contexts: Concepts and Methodological Guidelines within a Mixed Methods Framework

et al. 2018

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“…Regarding the lag sequential and polar coordinate analysis used to analyze the data, as previously mentioned, their complementary potential should be noted (Arias-Pujol and Castañer et al, 2017;Tarragó et al, 2017;Anguera et al, 2018). This is because polar coordinates considerably reduce the amount of data (Morillo et al, 2017), but special relationships can be found with lag sequential analysis in each of the lags analyzed, particularly when the number of actions analyzed are not high as occurred with the follow-up of elite athletes.…”

Section: Effective Four-point Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently and in view of the data presented, a thorough study using an effective analysis technique such as polar coordinate and lag sequential analysis is justified. To analyze the decisions taken in sport, it is necessary to analyze the different actions that occur during a bout and both lag sequential and polar coordinate analysis are suitable techniques for identifying and helping to understand these actions (Morillo et al, 2017;Prudente et al, 2017). The first technique analyzes which actions occurred before and after a behavior of interest (i.e., focal behavior) and other behaviors (i.e., conditional behaviors; Castañer et al, 2017) with the number of lags related to the internal logic of the sport and considered relevant by researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first technique analyzes which actions occurred before and after a behavior of interest (i.e., focal behavior) and other behaviors (i.e., conditional behaviors; Castañer et al, 2017) with the number of lags related to the internal logic of the sport and considered relevant by researchers. The second technique reduces the volume of the data analyzed to highlight significant relationships between focal and conditioned behaviors in an easy-to-interpret vector map showing what happens right before and after the behavior of interest (Morillo et al, 2017). These techniques are complementary (Castañer et al, 2017;Tarragó et al, 2017) and with important methodological endorsements in areas of social sciences such as those pertaining to sport (Hernández-Mendo and Anguera, 2002;Perea et al, 2012;López-López et al, 2015;Zourbanos et al, 2015;Castañer et al, 2016Castañer et al, , 2017Arias-Pujol and Anguera, 2017;Morillo et al, 2017;Tarragó et al, 2017;Maneiro and Amatria, 2018;Pérez-Tejera et al, 2018;Maneiro et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical-Tactical Actions Used to Score in Taekwondo: An Analysis of Two Medalists in Two Olympic Championships

et al. 2019

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Research in taekwondo has traditionally focused on specific aspects athletes' overall technical and tactical skills, while ignoring other important issues such as identifying how successful athletes score points. The aim of the current study was to follow two medalists through two Olympic Championships (2012 and 2016) to discover the effective patterns associated with scoring in taekwondo using an observational methodology. An ad-hoc taekwondo observational tool was used to codify the actions performed by the athletes. An observational descriptive and multivariate analysis of 1,688 actions performed by the athletes was conducted. A lag sequential and polar coordinate analysis was performed that considered tactics, techniques and the kicking zone as factors related to score (one to four points). The results showed that one point was scored with direct attacks (DIAs) and actions to the chest where DIAs also occurred prior to scoring. After scoring one-point, opponents tended to gain points by kicking the opponent's head. Two points were scored with simultaneous spinning kicks. Cuts occurred prior to and after scoring while posterior counterattacks (PCAs) occurred after. Three points were scored by performing indirect attacks and PCAs to the head. Cuts, dodges, and linear actions preceded the three-point score while dodges, DIAs, and linear actions to the chest also occurred after the three point-actions. In conclusion, these two athletes not only mastered the whole tactics but also used specific strategies to score. That is, they anticipated the opponent's attack to score one point by kicking the opponent directly and performed spinning kicks from short distances when they perceived an opponent's cutting action to score two points. Finally, these athletes indirectly attacked the opponent when they dodged by kicking their head and counterattacked posteriorly when an opponent's cut was perceived to score three points. Thus, they used the most difficult tactics to achieve the highest score. It is suggested that coaches and psychologists train athletes in better decision-making by preparing them to not only prepare their own attacks but to systematically use the intended attacks by their opponents to score their own points in accordance with the successful patterns extracted in this study.

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“…In order to determine the data quality (Morillo et al, 2017), inter-observer and intra-observer reliability and validity tests were carried out. Once the observers had uploaded the video to the Lince program, they started to record, separately.…”

Section: Data Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Strategic Behavior in a Triadic Persecution Motor Game Identified Through an Observational Methodology

2020

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The main objective of the work is to address the effective behavior of girls and boys through Triadic Motor Games (TMG). A chasing game "The Maze" was applied on two class groups with a total of 42 players, 18 girls, and 24 boys, who were 12-and 13year-old secondary school students. An observational methodology was adopted, with a nomothetic, punctual, and multidimensional design. We used a mixed registry system that two expert observers later applied through an observational methodology, obtaining sufficient record-quality levels. THEME was applied to detect temporary regularities, while cross-tabulations and growth trees were applied with the SPSS v.24 tool to reveal whether girls and boys played in similar or distinct ways. The fact that the specific decision groups within the physical education class are different for girls and boys (p < 0.005) is worth reflecting on. The game's TMG complexity was addressed through roles and subroles, giving rise to a certain motor asymmetry in relation to gender, which is an expression of behaviors lacking in playful neutrality. Through a mixed-methods approach, a study was built using observational methodology that reveals more varied motor solutions in girls, while male behavior showed greater specialization of roles and subroles, and the linkage of these solutions with the favorable modification of the marker. Identifying relevant variables when playing TMG allows a better understanding of girls and boys by analyzing their relationships, which are sometimes paradoxical, in a practical context.

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Decision-Making by Handball Referees: Design of an ad hoc Observation Instrument and Polar Coordinate Analysis

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Indirect Observation in Everyday Contexts: Concepts and Methodological Guidelines within a Mixed Methods Framework

Indirect Observation in Everyday Contexts: Concepts and Methodological Guidelines within a Mixed Methods Framework

Technical-Tactical Actions Used to Score in Taekwondo: An Analysis of Two Medalists in Two Olympic Championships

Gender Differences in Strategic Behavior in a Triadic Persecution Motor Game Identified Through an Observational Methodology

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