Reduction of PAH and soot in premixed ethylene–air flames by addition of ethanol

Wu, Juntao; Song, Ki Hoon; Litzinger, Thomas A.; Lee, Seong-Young; Santoro, Robert J.; Linevsky, Milton J.; Colket, Meredith B.; Liscinsky, D. S.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.08.036

Cited by 142 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The first method couples the PAH production mechanism of Appel, Bockhorn and Frenklach 23 together with our own mechanisms for the fuel mixture ignition to predict levels of PAH species. This coupled mechanism approach has previously been employed successfully to predict soot production [11][12][13][14] . The second approach has been simply to sum all of the concentrations of known soot precursors (i.e., acetylene, benzene, ethene, toluene, propene and other unsaturated stable and resonantly stabilized hydrocarbons) that remain following the rich ignition event 9,10,21 .…”

Section: Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Litzinger et al [12][13][14] have recently combined experimental and kinetic modeling analysis of the soot-reducing effects of oxygenated species (i.e., ethanol and dimethyl ether) on sooting laminar premixed and diffusion ethane-air and ethylene-air flames, and while these flames and fuel are quite distinct from diesel combustion, they provide valuable chemical insights into soot reduction chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Kinetic Modeling Study of the Effects of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons on Soot Emissions from Diesel Engines

2006

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A detailed chemical kinetic modeling approach is used to examine the phenomenon of suppression of sooting in diesel engines by addition of oxygenated hydrocarbon species to the fuel. This suppression, which has been observed experimentally for a few years, is explained kinetically as a reduction in concentrations of soot precursors present in the hot products of a fuel-rich diesel ignition zone when oxygenates are included. Oxygenates decrease the overall equivalence ratio of the igniting mixture, producing higher ignition temperatures and more radical species to consume more soot precursor species, leading to lower soot production. The kinetic model is also used to show how different oxygenates, ester structures in particular, can have different soot-suppression efficiencies due to differences in molecular structure of the oxygenated species.4

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Section: Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Kinetic Modeling Study of the Effects of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons on Soot Emissions from Diesel Engines

2006

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“…The results of these and other studies await detailed modeling, which is currently being performed [28,59] and which may assist in estimating the emission potential of alternative fuels and fuel mixtures. In several groups, the combustion kinetics of oxygenate fuels has received increasing attention [60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Study Of Oxygenate Fuels and Additives With Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical methods for studying the flame structure

Kohse‐Höinghaus

Brockhinke

2009

Combust Explos Shock Waves

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Laminar premixed flames under laboratory conditions often at reduced pressures are of great interest for combustion chemistry and environmental pollution. Recently, there has been considerable progress in studying the combustion of hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and their mixtures. Methods of laser diagnostics, including cavity ringdown spectroscopy and laser induced fluorescence, combined with a number of mass spectrometry techniques for in situ studies of flames allow measurements of concentrations of major species and intermediate products in flames. The structure of fuel molecules and the effect of fuel composition on the structure of intermediate products were studied from the viewpoint of formation of undesired and potentially harmful combustion products in hydrocarbon and oxygenate flames. Chemiluminescence was studied using data on collisional energy transfer. Low-temperature combustion of strongly diluted mixtures in a flow type reactor was investigated.

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“…Some researchers (Dogan, 2011;Chen et al, 2013b;Sukjitet al, 2013) have also found that inserting oxygen-containing additives (such as butanol or acetone) increases the oxygen content of fuel and results in more complete combustion, but reduces the emissions of PM and soot. Additionally, the hydroxyl radicals (OH•) that are formed by the combustion of alcohol in engines may oxidize soot precursors and black carbon particles, and convert hydrogen atoms to molecular hydrogen (Frenklach and Yuan, 1987;Wu et al, 2006). The consequent reduction in the number hydrogen atoms can slow the propagation of aromatic rings and growth of soot (Frenklach and Yuan, 1987;Wu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Pm Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the hydroxyl radicals (OH•) that are formed by the combustion of alcohol in engines may oxidize soot precursors and black carbon particles, and convert hydrogen atoms to molecular hydrogen (Frenklach and Yuan, 1987;Wu et al, 2006). The consequent reduction in the number hydrogen atoms can slow the propagation of aromatic rings and growth of soot (Frenklach and Yuan, 1987;Wu et al, 2006). In this investigation, small amounts of water in the butanol solution caused microexplosions and ensured more complete combustion (Chang et al, 2014b), resulting in lower PM and soot emissions.…”

Section: Pm Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Generator Fueled with Water-Containing Butanol and Waste-Edible-Oil-Biodiesel Blends

Tsai

Chen

Huang

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In recent years, the development of alternative energies has attracted much interest owing to the depletion of crude oil reserves and increasing oil prices. Many efforts have been made to use biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. This study examines the particulate matter (PM), particulate carbon (EC and OC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are emitted from a generator using biodieselhols, which comprise 10-50 vol% pure (or dehydrated) butanol (denoted as B) or 10-40 vol% water-containing butanol (2% and 5% water content, denoted as B' and B'', respectively), 20 vol% wasteedible-oil-biodiesel (WEO-biodiesel, denoted as W20), and 30-80 vol% conventional diesel. The experimental results reveal that water-containing and -free butanol-added WEO-biodiesel yielded 21.7-56.3% less PM, 28.7-63.8% less PM-EC, 11.8-48.7% less PM-OC, 23.5-59.2% less total-PAHs, and 37.0-55.3% less total-BaP eq than fossil diesel (D100). The greatest reductions were achieved using the blended fuels with 30% added butanol (W20B30, W20B'30, and W20P2B''30). The use of 5% water-containing butanol reduced total-PAHs emission more than did the use of 2% water-containing butanol.

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Reduction of PAH and soot in premixed ethylene–air flames by addition of ethanol

Cited by 142 publications

References 18 publications

Chemical Kinetic Modeling Study of the Effects of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons on Soot Emissions from Diesel Engines

Chemical Kinetic Modeling Study of the Effects of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons on Soot Emissions from Diesel Engines

Experimental and numerical methods for studying the flame structure

Characteristics of Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Generator Fueled with Water-Containing Butanol and Waste-Edible-Oil-Biodiesel Blends

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