Characteristics of Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Generator Fueled with Water-Containing Butanol and Waste-Edible-Oil-Biodiesel Blends

Abstract

In recent years, the development of alternative energies has attracted much interest owing to the depletion of crude oil reserves and increasing oil prices. Many efforts have been made to use biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. This study examines the particulate matter (PM), particulate carbon (EC and OC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are emitted from a generator using biodieselhols, which comprise 10-50 vol% pure (or dehydrated) butanol (denoted as B) or 10-40 vol% water-containing butanol (2% and 5% water content, denoted as B' and B'', respectively), 20 vol% wasteedible-oil-biodiesel (WEO-biodiesel, denoted as W20), and 30-80 vol% conventional diesel. The experimental results reveal that water-containing and -free butanol-added WEO-biodiesel yielded 21.7-56.3% less PM, 28.7-63.8% less PM-EC, 11.8-48.7% less PM-OC, 23.5-59.2% less total-PAHs, and 37.0-55.3% less total-BaP eq than fossil diesel (D100). The greatest reductions were achieved using the blended fuels with 30% added butanol (W20B30, W20B'30, and W20P2B''30). The use of 5% water-containing butanol reduced total-PAHs emission more than did the use of 2% water-containing butanol.

Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Particle-Bound Metals from a Diesel Engine Generator Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel Blends

“…The premium diesel fuel was obtained from the Chinese Petroleum Corporation, Taiwan, and the pure WCO-biodiesel was manufactured by Chant Oil Co. Ltd., Taiwan. Further details of the fuel compositions and sampling programs can be found elsewhere (Tsai et al, 2015b(Tsai et al, , 2016.…”

“…The WCO-based biodiesel blends were also been reported as an greener fuel for POP reduction in both internal combustion engine and incinerators since they could enhance the oxidation of hydrocarbons and further inhibit the reformation of POPs from C 2 H 2 precursor (Tsai et al, 2015b(Tsai et al, , 2016Chen et al, 2017). Table 3 shows the emission factors (EFs) of BaP eq in term of unit fuel consumption and power generation by using D100, W20 and W40 at the two engine loads.…”

Characteristics, Sources, and Health Risks of Atmospheric PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hsinchu, Taiwan

“…They are primarily derived from the incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of organic substances and are produced through both natural and anthropogenic sources. Forest fires and volcanic eruptions (Kim et al, 2003) produce natural PAHs, whereas the burning of coal, wood, incense, candles, cigarettes, mosquito coils, household fuel, gasoline, diesel, and the use of cooking and industrial processes produce anthropogenic PAHs (Mastral and Callen, 2000;Bzdusek et al, 2004;Orecchio, 2011;Yang et al, 2012;Cheruiyot et al, 2015;Tiwari et al, 2015;Tsai et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015). The following chemicals have been recognized as confirmed (1), probable (2A) and possible (2B) carcinogens for humans (IARC, 2016): benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (1), dibenz [a,h]anthracene (DBA) (2A), benzo [a]anthracene (BaA) (2B), chrysene (Chr) (2B), benzo [b]fluoranthene (BbF) (2B), benzo [k]fluoranthene (BkF) (2B), indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene (INP) (2B), and naphthalene (Nap) (2B).…”

Persistent Organic Pollutant Reductions from a Diesel Engine Generator Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil-based Biodiesel Blended with Butanol and Acetone

“…Some previous studies indicated that the oxygenated additives in diesel can improve the thermal efficiency of engine and reduce the BSFC (Yoshimoto et al, 1999;Lin et al, 2006;Lin et al, 2010;Mwangi et al, 2015a;Tsai et al, 2015b). However, the alternative ratios in the current study were too high to overcome the loss of heating values.…”