Reduction of NOx and PM from Diesel Engines by WPD Emulsified Fuel

Vu, Phong Hai; Nishida, Osami; Fujita, Hirotsugu; Harano, Wataru; Toyoshima, Norihiko; Iteya, Masami

doi:10.4271/2001-01-0152

Cited by 25 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Damodharan et al [ 21 ] stated that diesel engines can smoothly run plastic oil and no modification is required to the existing engine infrastructure. In contrast, there are several researchers [ 8 , 62 , 63 , 64 ] who believe improvements in plastic oil quality are needed to meet EN590 standards. In terms of drawbacks associated with the utilization of pyrolysis plastic oil in internal combustion engines, a high heat release and delayed ignition have been reported [ 61 ].…”

Section: Upgrading Of Pyrolysis Plastic Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolytic Conversion of Plastic Waste to Value-Added Products and Fuels: A Review

2021

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Plastic production has been rapidly growing across the world and, at the end of their use, many of the plastic products become waste disposed of in landfills or dispersed, causing serious environmental and health issues. From a sustainability point of view, the conversion of plastic waste to fuels or, better yet, to individual monomers, leads to a much greener waste management compared to landfill disposal. In this paper, we systematically review the potential of pyrolysis as an effective thermochemical conversion method for the valorization of plastic waste. Different pyrolysis types, along with the influence of operating conditions, e.g., catalyst types, temperature, vapor residence time, and plastic waste types, on yields, quality, and applications of the cracking plastic products are discussed. The quality of pyrolysis plastic oil, before and after upgrading, is compared to conventional diesel fuel. Plastic oil yields as high as 95 wt.% can be achieved through slow pyrolysis. Plastic oil has a heating value approximately equivalent to that of diesel fuel, i.e., 45 MJ/kg, no sulfur, a very low water and ash content, and an almost neutral pH, making it a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based fuels. This oil, as-is or after minor modifications, can be readily used in conventional diesel engines. Fast pyrolysis mainly produces wax rather than oil. However, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, waxy products further crack into oil. Wax is an intermediate feedstock and can be used in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units to produce fuel or other valuable petrochemical products. Flash pyrolysis of plastic waste, performed at high temperatures, i.e., near 1000 °C, and with very short vapor residence times, i.e., less than 250 ms, can recover up to 50 wt.% ethylene monomers from polyethylene waste. Alternatively, pyrolytic conversion of plastic waste to olefins can be performed in two stages, with the conversion of plastic waste to plastic oil, followed by thermal cracking of oil to monomers in a second stage. The conversion of plastic waste to carbon nanotubes, representing a higher-value product than fuel, is also discussed in detail. The results indicate that up to 25 wt.% of waste plastic can be converted into carbon nanotubes.

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Section: Upgrading Of Pyrolysis Plastic Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolytic Conversion of Plastic Waste to Value-Added Products and Fuels: A Review

2021

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“…Waste plastics are a form of waste that is abundant and may be utilised for generating electricity. Plastic manufacturing has increased dramatically for the past three decades, reaching more than 130 million tonnes per year [13]. Synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene have seen a substantial increase in use for the last twenty years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Pyrolysis Oil Obtained from Neem de Oiled Cake and Waste Polystyrene in a Compression Ignition Engine

Raguraman

Kumar

Yadav³

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Plastic is a resilient, chemically inert, lightweight, and low-cost material. It sticks around in the environment for more than hundred years, threatening nature and spreading toxins. The current study deals with the use of waste polymeric materials and de oiled cake for the production of liquid oil and its blend on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine. The tests were conducted in an engine fuelled with diesel and four distinct blends such as 5% (B5), 10% (B10), 15% (B15), and 20% (B20), respectively. The liquid oil was produced by co-pyrolysis of neem de oiled cake (NDC) and waste polystyrene (WPS) in 1 : 2 blend ratio. The raw pyrolysis oil and its different blends were tested for their physical and chemical characteristics in order to find their suitability. Brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) are used to assess the performance of the engine. The experimental results reveal that BTE at all blends is lower than diesel at all loads and the BSFC increases with increasing blend ratio and falls with increasing engine load. At higher loads, the deviation of performance and emission values from baseline diesel up to B10 is very small. It is found from the results that the liquid oil derived from NDC and WPS up to 10% blend will be the promising additive for fossil fuels.

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