Reducing the Incidence of Acute Pesticide Poisoning by Educating Farmers on Integrated Pest Management in South India

Mancini, Francesca; Jiggins, Janice; OʼMalley, Michael

doi:10.1179/oeh.2009.15.2.143

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The effective education programmes regarding pesticide safety could be useful in preventing pesticide poisoning 14. Previous studies have suggested that pesticide safety education among farmers could raise awareness of pesticide exposure risk16 and the adverse health consequences associated with acute pesticide poisoning 17. Improvements in pesticide safety knowledge using different delivery modes may lead to some improvement in protective practices18 and increase the use of personal protective equipment 19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide poisoning in Zhejiang, China: a retrospective analysis of adult cases registration by occupational disease surveillance and reporting systems from 2006 to 2010

et al. 2013

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ObjectiveDespite the rapid industrialisation and urbanisation over the past 30 years, agriculture is one of the largest economic sectors in China and the unregulated use of pesticides result in extensive pesticide poisoning. The objective of this study was to analyse pesticide poisoning cases registration received by Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.DesignRegister-based study.SettingCases registered regarding pesticide poisoning. Data were obtained from the Occupational Disease Surveillance and Reporting Systems in Zhejiang province from 2006 to 2010, which contains anonymous records representing general population of Zhejiang province, China.ParticipantsAll cases registered as pesticide poisoning were identified.Primary outcomeMonthly and age-group pesticide poisoning death rates were calculated.ResultsA total of 20 097 pesticide poisoning cases with 1413 deaths were recorded during the study period. There were 10 513 male pesticide poisoning cases with 782 deaths, and 9584 females with 631 deaths. Pesticide poisoning occurred mostly in non-occupational exposure (79.86%), in which the majority (85.77%) of the cases was of intentional pesticide poisoning. The occupational exposure was most common in men during the farming season. The death rate increased stepwise with age, and the pesticide suicide rate was higher in the older age group.ConclusionsPesticide poisoning remains a major health problem in China, and further recommendations to reduce the pesticide poisoning are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide poisoning in Zhejiang, China: a retrospective analysis of adult cases registration by occupational disease surveillance and reporting systems from 2006 to 2010

et al. 2013

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“…Previous studies have suggested that pesticide safety education among farmers could raise awareness of both pesticide exposure risk [19] and the adverse health consequences associated with acute pesticide poisoning [20]. Improvements in pesticide safety knowledge using different delivery modes may lead to some improvement in protective practices [21] and increase the use of personal protective equipment [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work-related pesticide poisoning among farmers in two villages of Southern China: a cross-sectional survey

et al. 2011

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BackgroundPesticide poisoning is an important health problem among Chinese farm workers, but there is a paucity of pesticide poisoning data from China. Using the WHO standard case definition of a possible acute pesticide poisoning, we investigated the prevalence and risk factors of acute work-related pesticide poisoning among farmers in Southern China.MethodsA stratified sample of 910 pesticide applicators from two villages in southern China participated in face-to-face interviews. Respondents who self-reported having two or more of a list of sixty-six symptoms within 24 hours after pesticide application were categorized as having suffered acute pesticide poisoning. The association between the composite behavioral risk score and pesticide poisoning were assessed in a multivariate logistic model.ResultsA total of 80 (8.8%) pesticide applicators reported an acute work-related pesticide poisoning. The most frequent symptoms among applicators were dermal (11.6%) and nervous system (10.7%) symptoms. Poisoning was more common among women, farmers in poor areas, and applicators without safety training (all p < 0.001). After controlling for gender, age, education, geographic area and the behavioral risk score, farmers without safety training had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.22 (95% CI: 1.86-5.60). The likelihood of acute pesticide poisoning was also significantly associated with number of exposure risk behaviors. A significant "dose-response" relationship between composite behavioral risk scores calculated from 9 pesticides exposure risk behaviors and the log odds of pesticide poisoning prevalence was seen among these Chinese farmers (R2 = 0.9246).ConclusionsThis study found that 8.8% of Chinese pesticide applicators suffered acute pesticide poisoning and suggests that pesticide safety training, safe application methods, and precautionary behavioral measures could be effective in reducing the risk of pesticide poisoning.

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“…Most signs and symptoms of diazinon toxicity are related to cholinergic manifestation, which is mediated through the inhibition of serum AChE activity. Toxicity increases when the reduction reaches 50% or more in enzyme activity [17]. In the present case, the blood sample was hemolyzed and, therefore, was not eligible for serum AChE activity analysis by a colorimetric method that could be utilized as a confirmatory test for organophosphorus poisoning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Post-Mortem Analysis of Diazinon and its major Metabolite, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine, in a Case of Fatal Diazinon Ingestion

Attafi¹,

Oraiby²,

Fageeh³

et al. 2018

AJFSFM

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‫امل�ستخل�ض‬ ‫وحتديد‬ ‫ك�شف‬ ‫طريقة‬ ‫و�شف‬ ‫مت‬ ‫املدرو�س‬ ‫احلالة‬ ‫تقرير‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ -methyl-4-isopropyl-2 ‫الرئي�شي‬ ‫أي�شه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وناجت‬ ‫الديازينون‬ ‫ملادة‬ ‫كمي‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫أن�شجة‬ ‫وال‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫عينات‬ ‫يف‬ )hydroxypyrimidine )IMHP-6 ‫مادة‬ ‫وا�شتخل�شت‬ ‫الديازينون.‬ ‫مادة‬ ‫تناول‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ناجتة‬ ‫وفاة‬ ‫حلالة‬ ‫الوفاة‬ ‫بطريقة‬ ‫الوفاة‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫عينات‬ ‫من‬ IMHP ‫ـ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ومادة‬ Diazinon ‫الديازينون‬ ‫كدوماتوغرافيا‬ ‫جهاز‬ ‫بوا�شطة‬ ‫حللت‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫�شائل‬ -‫�شائل‬ ‫ا�شتخال�س‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫النتائج‬ ‫أظهرت‬ ‫وا‬ .)GC/MS( ‫الكتلة‬ ‫مبطياف‬ ‫املقرتن‬ ‫الغاز‬ ‫الدقيقة‬ ‫أمعاء‬ ‫ال‬ ‫وعينات‬ )0.89 µg/g( ‫املعدة‬ ‫عينات‬ ‫من‬ ‫كل‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الديازينون‬ ‫القيا�شية‬ ‫الديازينون‬ ‫مبادة‬ ‫مقارنتها‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫وذلك‬ )8.80 µg/g( ‫يف‬ ‫الديازينون‬ ‫م�شتويات‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الك�شف‬ ‫ومت‬ ‫الحتفاظ.‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫ومطابقة‬ ‫يف‬ IMHP ‫من‬ ‫كمية‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وجدت‬ ‫حني‬ ‫يف‬ ،)8.80 µg/g( ‫الدقيقة‬ ‫أمعاء‬ ‫ال‬ ‫م�شاحة‬ 0.75( ‫املثانة‬ ‫وعينات‬ ‫�شطحية٪)‬ ‫م�شاحة‬ 0.84( ‫الكلى‬ ‫عينات‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫عينات‬ ‫يف‬ IMHP ‫ـ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫مادة‬ ‫حتديد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫الدرا�شة‬ ‫وت�شتنتج‬ .)٪ ‫�شطحية‬ ‫خا�شة‬ ‫الديازينون‬ ‫ملادة‬ ‫للتعر�س‬ ‫إر�شادي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫كدليل‬ ‫ي�شتخدم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ميكن‬ ‫الوفاة‬ ‫أف�شل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ميكن‬ ‫الدقيقة‬ ‫أمعاء‬ ‫ال‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫حني‬ ‫يف‬ ‫أخرة،‬ ‫املتا‬ ‫الوفاة‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫يف‬ ‫املميت.‬ ‫الديازينون‬ ‫ابتالع‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الديازينون‬ ‫تقييم‬ ‫يف‬ ‫عينة‬Abstract This case report describes a detection and quantitation method for diazinon and its major metabolite, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMHP), in postmortem blood and tissue samples from a fatal case of diazinon ingestion. Diazinon and IMHP were extracted from postmortem samples with a liquid/liquid method and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS).By comparing to diazinon standard and matching the retention time, diazinon was detected in two visceral organs, the stomach (0.89 µg/g) and the small intestine (8.80 µg/g). The highest level of diazinon was detected in the small intestine (8.80 µg/g), whereas the highest amount of IMHP was noted in the kidney (0.84 Area %) and bladder (0.75 Area %).In conclusion, determination of IMHP in postmortem samples could be used as an indicator for diazinon exposure, especially in the case of delayed death; whereas, the small intestine could be the best source of sample in diazinon assessment in cases of fatal diazinon ingestion.

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Reducing the Incidence of Acute Pesticide Poisoning by Educating Farmers on Integrated Pest Management in South India

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Pesticide poisoning in Zhejiang, China: a retrospective analysis of adult cases registration by occupational disease surveillance and reporting systems from 2006 to 2010

Pesticide poisoning in Zhejiang, China: a retrospective analysis of adult cases registration by occupational disease surveillance and reporting systems from 2006 to 2010

Work-related pesticide poisoning among farmers in two villages of Southern China: a cross-sectional survey

Post-Mortem Analysis of Diazinon and its major Metabolite, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine, in a Case of Fatal Diazinon Ingestion

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