“…With dependent group contingencies, reinforcers are delivered to the entire class based on the performance of selected student(s). Although all three types of group contingencies have been demonstrated to be effective and viable in reducing students' challenging behaviors and in improving socially appropriate behaviors in the classrooms (e.g., Christ & Christ, 2006;Gresham & Gresham, 1982;Lohrmann & Talerico, 2004;McCurdy, Lannie, & Barnabas, 2009;Murphy, Theodore, Aloiso, Alric-Edwards, & Hughes, 2006;Stage & Quiroz, 1997;, relatively limited research has evaluated the efficacy of dependent group contingencies when compared to the other two types. Due to the focus on the performance of a selected number of students, dependent group contingencies may result in undue peer pressure, retaliation, or social punishment for the targeted students (Davis & Blankenship, 1996).…”