Reduced Capacity in a Dichotic Memory Test for Adult Patients With ADHD

Dige, Niels; Maahr, Eija; Backenroth-Ohsako, Gunnel

doi:10.1177/1087054709347245

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Adults with ADHD demonstrated significantly reduced performance compared with the control group on all measures (learning, delayed recall, and percentage correct recall). The use of realistic irrelevant auditory stimuli is one of the strengths of Dige et al’s (2010) study; however, the lack of a basic silent condition means that it is not possible to determine whether the difficulties of adults with ADHD are related to problems of learning and storage in memory, or to a greater susceptibility to distraction. The ISE paradigm allows us to assess separately the basic STM ability of participants, as well as their performance under conditions of distraction.…”

Section: Advantages Of the Ise Paradigm For Studying Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability to the Irrelevant Sound Effect in Adult ADHD

et al. 2013

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Objective: An ecologically valid adaptation of the irrelevant sound effect paradigm was employed to examine the relative roles of short-term memory, selective attention and sustained attention in ADHD. Method: Thirty-two adults with ADHD and 32 control participants completed a serial recall task in silence or whilst ignoring irrelevant background sound. Results: The serial recall performance in adults with ADHD was reduced relative to controls in both conditions. The degree of interference due to irrelevant sound was greater for adults with ADHD. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between task performance under conditions of irrelevant sound, and the extent of attentional problems reported by patients on a clinical symptom scale. Conclusion:The results demonstrate that adults with ADHD exhibit impaired short term memory and a low resistance to distraction; however, their capacity for sustained attention is preserved as the impact of irrelevant sound diminished over the course of the task.Keywords: adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, irrelevant sound effect, selective attention, sustained attention, short term memory Adult ADHD and ISE 2

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Section: Advantages Of the Ise Paradigm For Studying Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability to the Irrelevant Sound Effect in Adult ADHD

et al. 2013

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“…Impaired performance on neuropsychological memory tasks has been reported in children [6], [7], adolescents [8], [9] and adults [10]–[12] with ADHD and thus does not seem to resolve with age. Two meta-analysis studies reported deficits with large effect sizes in visuospatial short-term memory (VSSTM) or working memory (VSWM) in children, adolescents and adults with ADHD [13], [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Behavioral or ERP Evidence for a Developmental Lag in Visual Working Memory Capacity or Filtering in Adolescents and Adults with ADHD

2013

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients have both working memory (WM) and attention problems. Good attention skills are important for WM performance; individuals have higher WM capacity when being able to prevent storage of irrelevant information through efficient filtering. Since it is unknown how filtering ability is associated with WM performance in ADHD, this was investigated in the present study. A visuospatial working memory (VSWM) change detection task with distracting stimuli was administered to adolescents (12–16 years old) and adults (20–46 years old) with and without ADHD matched on education/IQ. Besides performance, contralateral delay activity (CDA) was measured; a neural correlate of the number of targets and distracters encoded and maintained in WM during the retention interval. Performance data showed similar WM-load, WM-distracter interference and developmental effects in ADHD and control groups. Adolescents’ performance on the WM task deteriorated more than that of adults in the presence of distracters and with higher WM-load, irrespective of Diagnosis. The CDA data suggested that initially all groups encoded/maintained distracting information, but only adults were able to bounce this information from memory later in the retention interval, leading to better WM performance. The only effect of Diagnosis was a smaller CDA in adolescents and adults with ADHD than in age/IQ-matched controls when maintaining a low 1-item load, which was possibly related to an inability to keep attention focused at cued stimuli with low task demands. Overall, the development of filtering efficiency and VSWM storage capacity in adolescents with ADHD was not different from that in typically developing peers.

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“…Por otra parte, se ha observado que estos déficits cognitivos y motivacionales pueden persistir en la edad adulta [22]. Los hallazgos más comunes en adultos son anormalidades en la respuesta motora y en la interferencia en la inhibición [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], en la memoria de trabajo [29][30][31][32][33], y en la atención sostenida, selectiva y flexible [29,30,[34][35][36][37], así como también existe cierta evidencia de anomalías en procesos emocionales [37].…”

Section: Tdah: Neuropsicología Y Neuroimagenunclassified

Neuroanatomía del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad en el adulto: hallazgos de neuroimagen estructural y funcional

Ramos‐Quiroga¹,

Palomar²,

Vidal³

et al. 2013

RevNeurol

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Resumen. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar la bibliografía existente sobre los hallazgos de resonancia magnética estructural, funcional y conectividad. Durante mucho tiempo, se ha pensado que los niños superaban el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) al llegar a la adolescencia. Sin embargo, actualmente se sabe que hasta un 70% de los niños que presentaban TDAH en la infancia continúa presentando síntomas en la esfera conductual y cognitiva en la edad adulta. Estudios de neuroimagen realizados en adultos con TDAH han mostrado alteraciones cerebrales a nivel estructural, funcional y en conectividad. Estos hallazgos se han observado principalmente en el córtex frontal inferior y prefrontal dorsolateral, así como en regiones estriatales, del cíngulo anterior, parietotemporales y cerebelares. Sin embargo, se han encontrado algunas inconsistencias, posiblemente relacionadas con la presencia de comorbilidad, historia de medicación, diferencias por género y el reducido tamaño de la muestra utilizada en algunos estudios. También se han observado diferencias en relación con los estudios realizados en niños con TDAH. De ahí la importancia para futuros estudios de evitar que existan variables que puedan afectar los hallazgos en el TDAH en adultos y, además, poder comprobar si los déficits anatómicos y funcionales persisten en la edad adulta. S94

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Reduced Capacity in a Dichotic Memory Test for Adult Patients With ADHD

Abstract: The results indicate that the dichotic test is measuring one of the important ADHD deficits.

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Vulnerability to the Irrelevant Sound Effect in Adult ADHD

Vulnerability to the Irrelevant Sound Effect in Adult ADHD

No Behavioral or ERP Evidence for a Developmental Lag in Visual Working Memory Capacity or Filtering in Adolescents and Adults with ADHD

Neuroanatomía del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad en el adulto: hallazgos de neuroimagen estructural y funcional

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