Redistribution of cardiac output after sodium pentobarbital anesthesia in the monkey

Rp, Forsyth; Bi, Hoffbrand

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1970.218.1.214

Cited by 44 publications

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“…Alterations in HR and blood distribution due to sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia in deer mice and bats relate basically to those reported for dogs (Priano et al 1969;Ericsson 1971), monkeys (Forsyth and Hoffbrand 1970), and rats (Rakusan and Blahitka 1974). The generally high HR values for both species reflect a high metabolism in small-sized mammals; the different values for similarly treated deer mice and bats presumably imply species-specific differences in Can.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Significant increases in the fractional delivery of blood to the skin have also been reported for the monkey (Forsyth and Hoffbrand 1970) and for the rat (Rakusan and Blahitka 1974 For personal use only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Generally, sodium pentobarbital causes a decrease in stroke volume, systemic pressure, pH, and blood oxygen tension; it causes an increase in heart rate and blood carbon dioxide tension (Priano et al 1969). Marked changes in regional blood distribution have been reported for the monkey (Forsyth and Hoffbrand 1970), dog (Ericsson 1971), and rat (Rakusan and Blahitka 1974). Similar investigations have not been performed in any of the wild mammals used in zoologically oriented research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium pentobarbital induced alterations in regional distribution of blood in Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat)

Rauch¹,

Beatty²

1977

Can. J. Zool.

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1977. Sodium pentobarbital induced alterations in regional distribution of blood in Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat). Can. J. Zool. 55: 1931Zool. 55: -1935 This study demonstrates the effect of sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia on heart rate (HR) and blood distribution (Sapirstein method) in the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, and in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus.Resting HR's average 400 beatslmin and 334 beatslmin in deer mice and bats, respectively. Administration of 40 mglkg sodium pentobarbital results in marked tachycardia in deer mice but not in bats. A dose of 60mg/kg causes a slight increase of HR above resting values in the mice and a significant decrease in the bats. The com~arativelv low HR's in bats are considered to be due to their lowering of body temperature to nea; environmental levels.The general pattern of blood distribution is comparable between the two species investigated. Sodium pentobarbital administration results in a pronounced redistribution of blood which includes an increase in the fractional delivery of cardiac output to viscera of the abdomen primarily at the expense of skeletal muscle. RAUCH, J. C., et D. D. BEATTY. 1977. Sodium pentobarbital induced alterations in regional distribution of blood in Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat). Can. J. Zool. 55: 1931-1935. On a itudit IPS effets de I'anesthisie au pentoharbital sdique sur le rythme cardiaque { H R ) et la nipanition du sang (par la methode de Sapirsteinl chez In souris i pattes blanches Pcromyscns rnnnicirlrrttts et chez la c h a u v~s o u n s Ep~esrc~r.cjitsc~rs.Le rythme cardiaque au repas est de 400 hattementslmin en moyenne chez la souris ^a pattes blanches et de 334 battementslmin chez la chauve-souris. Cadministration de 40 mglkg de pentohrbital sodlque cause une rachycardie importanre chez la souris. muis pas chez la chauvesouris. Une dose de 60 mglkg entnine une Ikgkre accel6ntiun du rythme cardiaqtw chez la souris el un ralentissement irnpoFtant chet la chauve-sour+%. Les rythmes c;trd~aques rrlativemenl lenrs chez la chauve-souris s'expliquen! p;u.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium pentobarbital induced alterations in regional distribution of blood in Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat)

Rauch¹,

Beatty²

1977

Can. J. Zool.

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“…From the early years of the use of radioactive microspheres to measure blood flow, non-entrapment of spheres in certain tissues has been observed (Kaihara et al, 1968;Hales, 1974). The amount of non-entrapment, ascribed to arteriovenous anastomotic blood flow (Hales, 1974), is dependent on microsphere size, the tissue studied and the use of anaesthesia (Forsyth & Hoffbrand, 1970). Dickhoner et al (1978) Saxena & Verdouw, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of effect of the antimigraine drugs, sumatriptan, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine on arteriovenous anastomotic shunting in the dura mater of the pig

Boer

Somers

Saxena

1992

British J Pharmacology

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1 In anaesthetized animals, the antimigraine drugs, sumatriptan, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine, reduce carotid arteriovenous anastomotic shunting. Within the carotid vascular bed arteriovenous anastomoses are located, amongst other places in the dura mater, which is a putative site of the pain during a migraine attack. 2 In this investigation, we have localized and measured the arteriovenous shunting within the carotid vascular bed of the pig by using simultaneous intracarotid injections of radiolabelled microspheres of three different sizes (10, 15 and 50gm), which provides an index of blood flow via arteriovenous anastomoses larger than approximately 14, 27 and 90 gm diameter, respectively. The effects of sumatriptan (0.3 mg kg-'), ergotamine (0.02 mg kg-'), dihydroergotamine (0.1 mg kg-') and saline were studied by repeating the injections of 15 and 50 gm spheres after the treatments. 3 There was no difference in shunting or entrapment between the 10 and 15 gm microsphere, indicating the absence of arteriovenous anastomoses with a diameter between 14 and 27 gm. 4 Arteriovenous anastomoses with a diameter between 27 and 90 gm, as indicated by the difference in blood flow measured by 15 and 50 gm spheres, were located in the dura mater, ears, skin, fat and, to a lesser extent, in the skeletal muscles and eyes. 5 Sumatriptan, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine reduced the overall flow in the smaller arteriovenous anastomoses (diameter between 27 and 90 gm), and even more in larger shunts (wider than 90 gm).6 Locally, blood flow in the smaller arteriovenous shunts was reduced in the skin and fat, but not in the dura mater, ears, eyes and muscles. It is not possible to determine in which tissues blood flow in the larger arteriovenous anastomoses was reduced. 7 Tissue blood flow measured with 15 gm microspheres remained unchanged after the three antimigraine drugs, implying a lack of effect on capillary flow. 8 It is concluded that in the anaesthetized pigs the only evident effect of these antimigraine drugs on carotid haemodynamics is a decrease in blood flow in both smaller and larger arteriovenous anastomoses; the smaller arteriovenous anastomoses were affected in the skin and fat, but not in other tissues.

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“…No general anesthetic was used in order to avoid the effects of such agents in altering the normal homeostatic responses (10). One of the striking findings was the ability of many animals to withstand massive hemorrhage and survive for at least a short time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Arterial Carbon Dioxide Tension on the Newborn Lamb's Cardiovascular Responses to Rapid Hemorrhage

et al. 1983

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SummaryNineteen newborn lambs, spontaneously breathing room air, were hemorrhaged of 50% of their measured blood volume over a 30-min period. They were then observed for the following 90 min. No fluid or blood was reinfused during the study. Eight of the 19 lambs survived beyond the study period, the other 11 died at the end of the hemorrhage or during the recovery period. All lambs became hypotensive and bradycardic during the hemorrhage. All became tachycardic after the hemorrhage. Blood pressure of the survivors returned towards baseline levels whereas it continued to fall in the non-survivors. All animals became anemic, acidotic, and hypocarbic but remained normoxemic.Myocardial blood flow fell to approximately 50% of baseline levels in both survivors and non-survivors during, and at the end of the hemorrhage. It returned to near baseline levels in the survivors by 90 min posthemorrhage. Cerebral blood flow remained at baseline levels during the hemorrhage in the survivors but cerebral oxygen delivery decreased. Flow rose 10% above baseline levels 90 min after hemorrhage but oxygen delivery remained low. In the non-survivors, cerebral blood flow fell to 60% of baseline and cerebral oxygen delivery was 50% of baseline by the end of the hemorrhage.A group of five lambs was hemorrhaged and studied in the same fashion as the 19, except that they breathed 4.5% CO 2 beginning 15 min before the hemorrhage, during the hemorrhage and 90 min recovery period. Four of these five survived the study period. They remained normocarbic and became more acidotic than the animals that breathed room air. Blood pressure and heart rate fell during hemorrhage but these decreases were less than in either group of room air breathing animals. During recovery they became tachycardic and blood pressure returned to baseline levels. Myocardial blood flow increased 20% above baseline by the end of hemorrhage and 40% above baseline by 90 min posthemorrhage. Cerebral blood flow increased 40% above baseline during the hemorrhage and remained at that level at the end of hemorrhage and 90 min afterwards. The increase in brain blood flow was sufficient to maintain oxygen delivery to the brain at baseline levels throughout the experiment. SpeculationWe speculate that the normal response for the normocarbic lambs is to increase cerebral and myocardial blood flow in response to anemia and hypotension. Spontaneous hyperventilation with hypocarbia tends to interfere with this response both in the brain and in the myocardium. The effect of hypocarbia is greater in the myocardium. The net result is a decrease in oxygen delivery to these tissues. If the same responses were to occur in the human infant it might be important to maintain normocarbia during resuscitation of infants suffering from hemorrhagic shock. 70

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Redistribution of cardiac output after sodium pentobarbital anesthesia in the monkey

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Sodium pentobarbital induced alterations in regional distribution of blood in Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat)

Sodium pentobarbital induced alterations in regional distribution of blood in Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat)

Lack of effect of the antimigraine drugs, sumatriptan, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine on arteriovenous anastomotic shunting in the dura mater of the pig

Effects of Arterial Carbon Dioxide Tension on the Newborn Lamb's Cardiovascular Responses to Rapid Hemorrhage

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