Redescription of the endangered hypoptopomatine catfish Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler, 1941) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Jaguaribe basin, northeastern Brazil

Abstract

Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler) was originally described as a species of Plecostomus based on six specimens collected in the rio Salgado, Icó Municipality, Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. Because the original description of P. spilurus is brief and uninformative, a detailed redescription of this endangered species based on the type series and on freshly collected topotypes was made. Data on osteology, intraspecific variation, sexual dimorphism and color pattern in life are presented for the first time, aiming at providing the necessary characters to differentiate the species from its congeners, as well as providing data on the distribution, habitat and conservation.Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler) foi descrita originalmente como uma espécie do gênero Plecostomus com base em seis espécimes coletados no rio Salgado, Município de Icó, Estado do Ceará. Devido à descrição original de P. spilurus ser breve e pouco informativa, uma redescrição detalhada desta espécie ameaçada com base na série tipo e em topótipos recentemente coletados foi feita. Dados de osteologia, variação ontogenética, dimorfismo sexual e padrão de coloração em vida são apresentados pela primeira vez, com o objetivo de fornecer caracteres necessários para distinguir a espécie das suas demais congêneres, assim como fornecer dados de distribuição, habitat e conservação.

Updated checklist and DNA barcode‐based species delimitations reveal taxonomic uncertainties among freshwater fishes from the mid‐north‐eastern Caatinga ecoregion, north‐eastern Brazil

“…Additionaly, 14 of the 94 native species listed here were classified as inquirenda , with three of those potentially representing synonyms according to the barcode results (Figure ). These 14 species belong to seven genera and were described by either Fowler (12) or Miranda‐Ribeiro (2), whose descriptions were usually made based on few specimens and sometimes based only on juveniles (Lima et al ., ; Ramos et al ., ).…”

“…This study is part of a regional collaborative initiative to study the diversity and conservation of freshwater fishes from north‐eastern Brazil, including the MNCE ichthyofauna (Costa et al , 2017a; Costa et al , 2017b; Lima et al . ; Lira et al ., ; Paiva et al ., ; Ramos et al ., , ; Silva et al ., , ; Teixeira et al ., ; Zawadzki et al ., ).…”

Parotocinclus jacksoni, a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Mamanguape basin, north‐eastern Brazil

“…In the four ecoregions in the Caatinga domain of north‐eastern Brazil, six species have been described in the last decade: Parotocinclus cabessadecuia Ramos, Lima & Ramos, 2017 in the Maranhão‐Piauí ecoregion, P. seridoensis Ramos, Barros‐Neto, Britski & Lima, 2013 in the mid‐north‐eastern Caatinga ecoregion, P. robustus Lehmann & Reis, 2012 in the São Francisco ecoregion and four species in the north‐eastern Atlantic Forest, P. jequi Lehmann, Braun, Pereira & Reis, 2013, P. adamanteus Pereira et al ., 2019, P. jacumirim Silva‐Junior et al ., 2020 and Parotocinclus nandae Lehmann et al ., 2020 (Fricke et al ., 2021; Lima et al ., 2017). Among the species described, the only threatened species of the genus is Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler, 1941), endemic to Caatinga, in the Rio Jaguaribe basin, Ceará State, assessed as Endangered following the IUCN criteria (ICMBio, 2018; Ramos et al ., 2016).…”

Ichthyofauna of Trairí river basin, Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil: a century after the study of the naturalist Edwin Starks in the Papari lagoon

“…The Mid-Northeastern Caatinga Ecoregion (MNCE), composed by coastal basins fully or partially inserted in the semiarid, was a knowledge gap in the diversity of freshwater fishes until recently (Lévêque et al, 2008;Langeani et al, 2009;Lima et al, 2017). However, in the last decade many ichthyofaunal surveys and taxonomic studies were conducted in the ecoregion (Gurgel-Lourenço et al, 2013;Novaes et al, 2013;Paiva et al, 2014;Silva et al, 2014Silva et al, , 2017Botero et al, 2014;Lira et al, 2015;Ramos et al, 2013Ramos et al, , 2016Ramos et al, , 2017Britzke et al, 2016;Rodrigues-Filho et al, 2016;Teixeira et al, 2017;Zawadzki et al, 2017;Costa et al, 2017;Lima et al, 2017). One of the first fish collections at the MNCE was undertaken by the Stanford Expedition in 1911 when a few drainages in Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte states were sampled (Starks, 1913).…”