Rectification of Binary mixtures

Lewis, W. K.

doi:10.1021/ie50316a005

Cited by 149 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The data are used -193 -to calculate the theoretical stages of a counter-current extraction process by the McCabe-Thiele method [24][25][26], to achieving a 99.9 % yield of nitric acid at 50 °C. The concentration of the nitric acid in the raffinate and feed acid are 0.01 % and 34.10 %wt., respectively.…”

Section: Determination Of the Extraction Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Nitric Acid from Wet-process Phosphoric Acid

Jia

Jin

et al. 2013

SERDJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solvent extraction of nitrates (almost all as nitric acid) from WPA produced by decomposing phosphate rock with nitric acid has been investigated using four different extractants (tributyl phosphate, methyl isobutyl ketone, n-octanol and tri-n-octyl amine) in kerosene. The results show that tri-n-octyl amine (TOA) is an effective extractant for the extraction of nitric acid from the WPA. Optimum conditions for the extraction process have also been determined. The results indicate that TOA has a good ability to extract nitric acid, while only a small amount of phosphoric acid is co-extracted. TOA can be used as an effective extractant to separate nitric acid from the WPA to produce phosphoric acid. The effect of the main impurities existing in the WPA produced by nitric acid dissolution of phosphate ore (Ca

show abstract

Section: Determination Of the Extraction Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Nitric Acid from Wet-process Phosphoric Acid

Jia

Jin

et al. 2013

SERDJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, there is no exact method for calculation of the column efficiency. For the case where the equilibrium curve can be represented by a straight line, the relation between the column efficiency and the Murphree's plate efficiency ( E w v ) 1 was given by Lewis (18).…”

Section: Column Efficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition gradient at the center of the plate is given with the derivative of Equation (16) (18) Substituting Equation (18) into Equation (11) yn-1 + yn…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plate and column efficiencies of continuous rectifying columns for binary mixtures

et al. 1971

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plate EfficienciesIn the design of the distillation column, the plate efficiency plays an important role. The plate efficiency has been defined as Murphree's plate efficiency with the vapor composition in equilibrium with the liquid leaving the plate. This efficiency is reasonable only when the liquid is well mixed (as described in the later sections) and there is no composition gradient of the liquid on the plate. In practice, however, the liquid composition will vary as the liquid flows on the plate. In the case of larger columns and systems of large relative volatilities, Murphree's plate efficiencies have been found to be more than 100%.In our previous paper ( I ) , t it was pointed out that at a fixed point efficiency E o~t Murphree's plate efficiency ( E M V ) 1, based on the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid leaving the plate, decreases with the increase of reflux ratio, and plate efficiency ( E M V )~, based on the vapor composition in equilibrium with the liquid entering the plate, increases with the increase of reflux ratio. A modified plate efficiency was therefore defined as where (9. " ) i S the vapor composition in equilibrium with the liquid at the center of the plate.If the liquid flows unidirectionally on the plate as a plug flow, the relation between the plate efficiencies and the point efficiency is shown in Figure 1. For a fixed point efficiency, Murphree's plate efficiency (EMv) 1, which is shown with the broken line, increases with A where A = mV/L, and EM")^ decreases with A as shown with the dotted line. The modified plate efficiency ( EMV) 112, however, does not vary so much with the change of A as shown with the solid line.Taking into account the mixing of the liquid on a plate, Figure 2 shows the relation between the plate efficiency and the point efficiency. For a fixed Peclet's number N p e , the variation of ( E M v )~/~/ E o G for A is much smaller than that of (EMv)l/Eoc. In the case of AEOG < 1 (this condition holds for almost all the practical columns), the value of ( E M~)~/~/ E o G is less than 1.04 for any value of N p e ,

show abstract

“…Normal pentane and isopentane are the liquids most similar to isoprene for which data on critical temperatures and pressures are available. For each of these at the boiling point the "reduced temperature" [27], or ratio of temperature to critical temperature, is about 0.65. Also for each of these at the normal boiling point the "reduced pressure", [Vol .n or ratio of pressure to critical pressure, is about 0.030.…”

Section: Calculation Of Heat Of Vaporizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lewis [27] has recently published graphs, applicable to any hydroj carbon with more than three carbon atoms per molecule, which yield as a function of the "reduced" states the value of J.!, defined as PV/RT, in which P and V are respectively the pressure and volume of 1 mole ~ of vapor, R is the universal gas constant, and T the absolute temperature. For the above values of the "reduced" temperature and pressure, Lewis' graph indicates a value of 0.96 for J.!.…”

Section: Calculation Of Heat Of Vaporizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some physical properties of isoprene

Bekkedahl¹,

Wood²,

Wojciechowski³

1936

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) has been prepared in a state of high purity. Physical properties determined on the freshly purified sample were as follows, boiling point, 34.076 ± .003° C; change of boiling point with change of pressure::~=0.0382° C per millimeter of mercury; freezing point, -146.8 ±.2° C; density at 20° C, 0.6805 ± .0001 g/ml; refractive index at 20° C, 1.42160 ± .00005. The molecular refraction was calculated to be 25.39. The volume expansivity was measured over the entire range of temperature between the freezing point and normal boiling point, giving the following equations: -3t+2.79 X 1O-6t2+ 4.31 X 10-0t3-5.60 X 1O-12t4) p=O. 7002 -0.9754 X 1O-3t-0.592 X 1O-6t2+ O.525 X 10-9t3+ 9.66 X 1O-12 t 4 ,

show abstract

Rectification of Binary mixtures

Abstract: In a bubblecap column the liquid on each plate is incompletely mixed, with the result that the plate efficiency, as ordinarily defined, becomes higher than the local "Murphree" efficiency of vapor enrichment.

Cited by 149 publications

References 2 publications

Extraction of Nitric Acid from Wet-process Phosphoric Acid

Extraction of Nitric Acid from Wet-process Phosphoric Acid

Plate and column efficiencies of continuous rectifying columns for binary mixtures

Some physical properties of isoprene

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About