This paper presents a detailed description of apparatus used and the results obtained in the following measurements relating to the thermodynamic properties of 1,3-butadiene in the solid, li quid, and vapor states: (1) Specific heats from -258 0 to + 30 0 C, (2) heat of fusion, (3) heats of vaporization from -26 0 to + 23 0 C, (4) vapor pressures from -78 0 to + 110 0 C (5) liquid densities from -78 0 to + 95 0 C, (6) vapor densities from 30 0 to 150 0 6, and (7) the critical pressure, volume, and temperature of 1,3-butadiene. Tables embodying the results of these measurements are included for specific heats, enthalpy, and entropy of the soli'd, liquid, and vapor.

No abstract

The crystallization and melting of unvulcanized natural rubber in the unstretched state have been investigated at different temperatures. Change of volume has been used as a quantitative measure of the extent of crystallization, and mercury-filled dilatometers containing the rubber have been used for the volume measurements. Crystallization was observed to occur at temperatures between −50° and +15°C and to be most rapid at about −25°C. The final decrease of volume on crystallization was usually found to lie between 2.0 and 2.7 percent. The melting of the crystalline rubber was found to occur over a range of temperature and to be strongly dependent on the temperature at which the crystals were formed. The temperature at which the beginning of melting occurs is from 4° to 7° above the temperature of crystallization. The range of melting is about 35° at the lowest temperatures and decreases to about 10° at the highest. The same range of temperature of melting is obtained regardless of the extent of the crystallization.

In cold climates some rubber products have been observed to undergo slowly a great increase in rigidity and permanent set.

No abstract