enhances the probability of the bubble coalescence and makes bubble larger. On the other hand, in the present study the dimention of the apparatus is far larger than that of the distributor and the depth of the liquids is shallow. Therefore, the probability of the bubble coalescence over the distributor is less than that of the Houghton et al.'s case, because the circulation of the liquid in the apparatus makes bubbles easy to apart each other. This fact is recognized when the porous plate distributor is used for liquid of group A and C in the bubble column with continuous liquid flow. Summary Bubbles which have been just generated from the porous plate are small and have an equal size, but sometime coalescence of these small bubbles occurs at a location
A multi-beam bilateral teleoperation system of holographic optical tweezers accelerated by a graphics processing unit is proposed and evaluated. This double-arm teleoperation system is composed of two haptic devices and two laser-trapped micro-beads. Each micro-bead is trapped and moved following the trajectory of each haptic device, and the forces to which the micro-beads are subjected, which are generated by Stokes drag, are measured and fed back to an operator via the haptic devices. This real-time telexistence was quantitatively evaluated based on the time response of the trapped beads and the fed-back forces. And the demonstration of touching red blood cells shows the effectiveness of this system for biomedical application.
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