Recruitment of the Sensorimotor Cortex - A Developmental fMRI Study

Mall, Volker; Linder, Michaela; Herpers, M.; Schelle, A.; Mendez-Mendez, J.; Korinthenberg, Rudolf; Schumacher, M.; Spreer, Joachim

doi:10.1055/s-2005-873077

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Regardless of cognitive or motor-related circuits, most frontal-striatal networks showed a similar inverted ''U'' pattern among three age groups, suggesting similar development and aging processes across the two types of circuits. Multiple developmental studies have documented that children can have adult-like performance in a wide range of motor tasks (e.g., Mall et al, 2005;Thomas et al, 2004). For example, Mall and coworkers (2005) have reported that children as young as 6 years of age could perform simple-paced unilateral motor tasks (e.g., squeezing a ball) at the mature adult level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifespan Differences in Cortico-Striatal Resting State Connectivity

Lee

Kwak

et al. 2014

Brain Connectivity

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Distinctive cortico-striatal circuits that serve motor and cognitive functions have been recently mapped based on resting state connectivity. It has been reported that age differences in cortico-striatal connectivity relate to cognitive declines in aging. Moreover, children in their early teens (i.e., youth) already show mature motor network patterns while their cognitive networks are still developing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifespan Differences in Cortico-Striatal Resting State Connectivity

Lee

Kwak

et al. 2014

Brain Connectivity

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“…Unfortunately, these studies have shown no clear consensus regarding the maturational trajectory of these networks. In one study, children who performed a simple motor task showed an increased amount of activation outside the primary motor cortex compared to adults who performed the same task (Halder et al, 2007;Muller et al, 1998) while in two others children showed a relative decrease in the amount of activation (Guzzetta et al, 2007;Mall et al, 2005). The discrepancy between the studies may result from methodological differences including the task chosen and the age-range of the subjects.…”

Section: Relationship Between Tms-evoked Parameters and Neuromotor Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in children

Garvey

Mall

2008

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Developmental disabilities (e.g. attention deficit disorder; cerebral palsy) are frequently associated with deviations of the typical pattern of motor skill maturation. Neurophysiologic tools, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which probe motor cortex function, can potentially provide insights into both typical neuromotor maturation and the mechanisms underlying the motor skill deficits in children with developmental disabilities. These insights may set the stage for finding effective interventions for these disorders. We review the literature pertaining to the use of TMS in pediatrics. Most TMS-evoked parameters show age-related changes in typically developing children and some of these are abnormal in a number of childhood-onset neurological disorders. Although no TMS-evoked parameters are diagnostic for any disorder, changes in certain parameters appear to reflect disease burden or may provide a measure of treatment-related improvement. Furthermore, TMS may be especially useful when combined with other neurophysiologic modalities (e.g. fMRI). However, much work remains to be done to determine if TMS-evoked parameters can be used as valid and reliable biomarkers for disease-burden, the natural history of neurological injury and repair, and the efficacy of pharmacological and rehabilitation interventions.

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“…Some knowledge about active motor tasks derives from studies with small control groups (3,10), which showed similar patterns of activation to those reported in adult studies (5,9,11,12). Nevertheless, the only study that systematically compared active movements in children and adults (repetitive hand squeezing of a ball) reported a significantly wider activation in the latter, particularly at the level of the primary SMC, the SMA, and the cerebellum (13). No studies on passive movement in normal children have been published so far, and no data are therefore available comparing children and adult passive movements or active and passive tasks in children.…”

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confidence: 95%

Brain Representation of Active and Passive Hand Movements in Children

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT:Several functional neuroimaging studies have been performed exploring the sensorimotor function in children with neurologic disorders. However, little is known about normal activation patterns of the sensorimotor system at a young age. We explored brain representation of active and passive hand movements in schoolage children and young adults. Nine healthy children (7-15 y) and six adults were studied. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired on a 1.5-T scanner in block designs. Active movement consisted of repetitive opening and closing of the hand; passive movement consisted of the same movement performed by the examiner. Both hands were assessed separately. The pattern of brain activation (contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex (SMC), ipsilateral cerebellum, supplementary motor area (SMA), and lateral premotor cortex (PMC) was generally more widespread in the adult group, suggesting a developmental course in the organization of both motor and sensory cortex. Surprisingly, no difference was generally detected when contrasting active versus passive tasks. Our results suggest that active and passive hand movements can be used for the exploration of the sensorimotor system in children. Passive and active tasks confirmed to be tightly coupled, thus supporting the idea of the former as a helpful performance-independent paradigm in the study of brain reorganization and presurgical assessment. widely investigated in normal and pathologic subjects by means of functional neuroimaging techniques (1). For this purpose, active and passive hand or finger movements in sequences of various complexity are commonly used as activation tasks for the exploration of different components of the system. Studies in adults have consistently shown significant activation of contralateral rolandic regions (i.e. the pre-and postcentral gyrus) both during active and passive movements, with different types of repetitive tasks. Other regions are also usually activated such as the SMA, the PMC, and the ipsilateral cerebellum (1-9). Surprisingly, when comparing active and passive tasks, very little differential activation has been generally shown, particularly at the level of the rolandic region, which could be expected to be differentially involved in the two conditions (9).Little is known about brain representation of active and passive movements in children. Some knowledge about active motor tasks derives from studies with small control groups (3,10), which showed similar patterns of activation to those reported in adult studies (5,9,11,12). Nevertheless, the only study that systematically compared active movements in children and adults (repetitive hand squeezing of a ball) reported a significantly wider activation in the latter, particularly at the level of the primary SMC, the SMA, and the cerebellum (13). No studies on passive movement in normal children have been published so far, and no data are therefore available comparing children and adult passive movements or active and passive tasks in children...

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Recruitment of the Sensorimotor Cortex - A Developmental fMRI Study

Abstract: Children show a significant difference in the degree of cortical activation compared to adults when performing a simple motor task. The change in fMRI activation patterns may reflect a maturation process of primary and secondary motor areas.

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Lifespan Differences in Cortico-Striatal Resting State Connectivity

Lifespan Differences in Cortico-Striatal Resting State Connectivity

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in children

Brain Representation of Active and Passive Hand Movements in Children

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