Recruitment facilitation can drive alternative states on temperate reefs

Baskett, Marissa L.; Salomon, Anne K.

doi:10.1890/09-0515.1

Cited by 53 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…The challenge of spatial patterning has been partly addressed for Boolean (plant presence/absence) cases by studies of Turing patterns, i.e., reaction-diffusion systems [107,[114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124]. The challenge of multi-species, non-spatial (i.e., zero-dimensional), plant community interactions has been addressed in only a few cases [125][126][127]. Explicit combination of spatial patterning and multiple species within a multiple stable state framework is yet largely elusive.…”

Section: Theory Of Multiple Stable Ecosystem Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These "windows" are disturbance-free periods of a minimal duration that directly follow diaspore dispersal and allow seedling establishment, and therefore may help induce a sudden shift from bare to a vegetated state as predicted and validated with remote sensing [274]. The combination of predation, competition for space, and facilitation of recruitment has been examined among multiple species on reefs [126]. As such multiple-biological interactions are already well understood in the ecological literature, it remains to further extend and apply that knowledge base to provide mechanistic underpinnings for cases in which multiple stable coastal wetland ecosystem states can be empirically documented.…”

Section: Multi-species Multi-state Dynamics Need To Be Tied To Specimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

et al. 2015

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Multiple stable states are established in coastal tidal wetlands (marshes, mangroves, deltas, seagrasses) by ecological, hydrological, and geomorphological feedbacks. Catastrophic shifts between states can be induced by gradual environmental change or by disturbance events. These feedbacks and outcomes are key to the sustainability and resilience of vegetated coastlines, especially as modulated by human activity, sea level rise, and climate change. Whereas multiple stable state theory has been invoked to model salt marsh responses to sediment supply and sea level change, there has been comparatively little empirical verification of the theory for salt marshes or other coastal wetlands. Especially lacking is long-term evidence documenting if or how stable states are established and maintained at ecosystem scales. Laboratory and field-plot studies are informative, but of necessarily limited spatial and temporal scope. For the purposes of long-term, coastal-scale monitoring, remote sensing is the best viable option. This review summarizes the above topics and highlights the emerging promise and challenges of using remote sensing-based analyses to validate coastal OPEN ACCESS Remote Sens. 2015, 7 10185 wetland dynamic state theories. This significant opportunity is further framed by a proposed list of scientific advances needed to more thoroughly develop the field.

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Section: Theory Of Multiple Stable Ecosystem Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multi-species Multi-state Dynamics Need To Be Tied To Specimentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

et al. 2015

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“…Similarly, disturbances may trigger rapid changes in environmental conditions that exceed a species' tolerance limits for re-establishment (Astrom et al 2007). In cases where future composition is strongly determined by initial patterns of community assembly, factors that influence patterns of post-disturbance recruitment play a key role in mediating between alternative stable states of community composition (Jasinski andPayette 2005, Baskett andSalomon 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sensitive slope: estimating landscape patterns of forest resilience in a changing climate

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Changes in Earth's environment are expected to stimulate changes in the composition and structure of ecosystems, but it is still unclear how the dynamics of these responses will play out over time. In long-lived forest systems, communities of established individuals may be resistant to respond to directional climate change, but may be highly sensitive to climate effects during the early life stages that follow disturbance. This study combined analyses of pre-fire and post-fire tree composition, environmental data, and tree ring analyses to examine landscape patterns of forest recovery after fire in the south-central Yukon, Canada, a climatically dry region of boreal forest where there is evidence of increasing drought stress. Pre-fire stand composition and age structures indicated that successional trajectories dominated by white spruce (Picea glauca) with little aspen (Populus tremuloides) comprised most of the study area during the last fire cycle. Although spruce seedling recruitment after the fire was highest at sites near unburned seed sources and where surface organic layers were shallow, spruce seedling densities were often insufficient to regenerate the pre-fire spruce forests. In particular, sites in the warmer topographic locations of the valley lowland and south-facing slopes typically had few spruce seedlings and instead were dominated by aspen. The opposite pattern was observed on north-facing slopes. Age reconstructions of pre-and post-fire stands indicate that future canopy composition is driven by initial post-fire recruitment and thus observed landscape differences in seedling recruitment are likely to be maintained through the next 100-200 years of succession. Observed results support the hypothesis that sites experiencing greater environmental stress show the lowest resilience to disturbance, or greatest compositional changes. Analyses of tree-ring responses to climate variables across the same landscape indicate that patterns of tree growth prior to a disturbance may be a useful predictor of landscape variations in forest resilience, allowing managers to better anticipate where future changes in forest composition are likely to occur.Key words: age structure; dendrochronology; equivalent latitude; fire; forest regeneration; landscape ecology; seed dispersal; slope aspect; topography; Yukon.

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“…In systems prone to alternate states, understanding how populations of a few key species are regulated is essential to predicting how close these ecosystems are to catastrophic shifts (Terborgh et al 2001, Jackson 2001, Denno et al 2003, Baskett and Salomon 2010, Ripple et al 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore control in connected seascapes: habitat determines when population regulation occurs in the life history of a key herbivore

Boada

Farina

Romero

et al. 2018

Oikos

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Herbivore outbreaks often trigger catastrophic overgrazing events in marine macrophyte ecosystems. The sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the dominant herbivore of shallow Mediterranean seascapes, is capable of precipitating shifts to barrens when its populations explode.P. lividus is found ubiquitously in rocky macroalgal communities and in sandy seagrass meadows of Posidonia oceanica, two of the most important subtidal habitats in the Mediterranean. We explored if habitat-specific regulation across the principal stages of the urchin life cycle could help explain the persistence of these populations in connected mosaics. We measured each of three relevant ecological process (i.e. settlement, post-settlement survival and predation) across a wide stretch of the Mediterranean coast (ca. 600km). Our results show that habitat-specific regulation is critical in determining urchin populations: each habitat limited urchin sub-populations at different life stages. Settlement was never limiting; urchins settled at similar rates in both habitats across the coast. Post-settlement survival was a clear bottleneck, particularly in seagrass meadows where no juvenile urchins were recorded. Despite this bottleneck in seagrasses, adult urchin populations were very similar in both seagrass and macroalgal habitats indicating that other processes (potentially migration) could be key in determining adult distributions across the mosaic. The fact that population regulation is clearly habitat-specific suggests that sea urchin populations may be significantly buffered from bottlenecks in mixed seascapes where both habitats co-occur. Sea urchin populations can therefore persist across the seascape despite strong habitat-specific regulation either by maintaining reproductive output in one habitat or by migrating between them. By affording these regulatory escapes to habitat-modifying species, patchy mosaics may be much more prone to herbivore outbreaks and a host of cascading effects that come in their wake.3

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Recruitment facilitation can drive alternative states on temperate reefs

Cited by 53 publications

References 77 publications

Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

A sensitive slope: estimating landscape patterns of forest resilience in a changing climate

Herbivore control in connected seascapes: habitat determines when population regulation occurs in the life history of a key herbivore

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