Recovery of nitrotoluenes in wastewater by solvent extraction

Chen, Wen-Shing; Chiang, Wen-Chih; Lai, Chong-Chien

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.072

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The nitroaromatics residual in spent acid could be completely removed by either Fenton oxidation or photo-ozonation. In another works [27,28], toluene extraction has been utilized to recover DNTs and 2,4,6-TNT from wastewater. The recovery efficiency of nitrotoluenes was significantly enhanced with increasing acidity of wastewater (pH 3.0) and existence of inorganic salts, whose promoting effects were in the following order: NaCl > Na 2 SO 4 > K 2 SO 4 > MgSO 4 > KCl on the weight basis of wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction of nitrotoluenes in wastewater by Electro-Fenton oxidation

Chen

Lin

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction of nitrotoluenes in wastewater by Electro-Fenton oxidation

Chen

Lin

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…There are many reports on the extraction and preconcentration prior to analysis of explosives in water samples by various techniques such as solvent extraction [14,15], salting out liquid-liquid extraction [16] or thermal desorption [17]. These methods suffer from some disadvantages such as time consuming and requiring large volumes of expensive organic solvents with high-purity [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of carbazole-based explosives in environmental waters by dispersive liquid—liquid microextraction coupled to HPLC with UV-Vis detection

et al. 2012

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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a rapid, simple and efficient method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-UV-Vis detection was used for sample preparation and subsequent determination of carbazole, tri nitro carbazole (TrNC) and tetra nitro carbazole in water samples. The influence of several important variables on the extraction efficiency has been evaluated. The methods works best with chloroform as an extractant and acetonitrile as the dispersive solvent. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve is linear in the range from 0.007 to 1.75 μg mL −1 for TNC, 0.006 to 1.52 μg mL −1 for TrNC, and 0.008-2.10 μg mL −1 for carbazole. The limits of detection (LODs;at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3), range from 1.7 to 1.1 ng mL −1 , for TNC, TrNC and carbazole. Also, the relative standard deviations (RSD, n 06) for the extraction of TNC (at 174 ng mL −1 ), TrNC (at 151 ng mL −1 ) and carbazole (at 84 ng mL −1 ) vary between 4.1 and 5.2%. The enrichment factors range from 179 to 186. The method was successfully applied to the determination of TNC, TrNC and carbazole in environmental samples.

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“…With a global production estimated at 108 tons/year, nitroaromatic compounds are used intensively in several different industrial segments, including for production of inks, plastics, pharmaceutical and veterinarian products, dyes, polyurethane foams, herbicides, insecticides and explosives [1]. These compounds are generally recalcitrant to biological treatment and constitute a source of pollution due to both their toxic and their mutagenic effects on humans, fish, algae and microorganisms [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These compounds are generally recalcitrant to biological treatment and constitute a source of pollution due to both their toxic and their mutagenic effects on humans, fish, algae and microorganisms [2][3][4][5]. The main source of nitrocompound contamination is associated with industrial processes, storage operations and use in military installations [1,2]. The discharge of residues generated during explosive manufacturing and processing as well as the associated level of contamination varies widely, depending on the intensity of the manufacturing operations and the effectiveness of the technologies used to treat the residues [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%