“…There are several methods for gold recovery from secondary sources, including pyrometallurgy, , hydrometallurgy, , ion exchange resins, , bio-oxidation, , and cementation. , However, many of these techniques are limited by drawbacks such as energy demand, operation cost, and the generation of hazardous substances . On the other hand, adsorption has attracted considerable attention due to its sustainability, ease of operation, and low cost compared to other methods .…”