Reconsidering Attachment in Context of Culture: Review of Attachment Studies in Japan

Behrens, Kazuko Y.

doi:10.9707/2307-0919.1140

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…To be clear, we do not dispute AT, although we do question the assumption of universal application (Behrens, 2016;Vicedo, 2017). The notion that children require a place of belonging that supports the development of security, identity and a connection to cultural values are all elements of the theory that seem to resonate across cultural expressions.…”

Section: Attachment Theorymentioning

confidence: 82%

Where do we go from here? Ongoing colonialism from Attachment Theory

Choate

CrazyBull

Lindstrom³

et al. 2020

ANZSWJ

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INTRODUCTION: The article challenges the current interpretation of Attachment Theory (AT) which favours placement of Indigenous children in non-Indigenous homes. Historical attempts to assimilate Indigenous populations are examined in relation to ongoing assimilation within child intervention and justice systems. The goal is to stimulate discussion about possible culturally appropriate models to articulate the complex and multiple attachments formed by an Indigenous person who is brought up in an Indigenous community, compared to the popular Western and Eurocentric view of parenting through dyadic attachment derived from AT.METHODS: A review of AT literature examining key questions of cross-cultural applicability validity in relation to Indigenous populations. Consultations were held with Elders from the Blackfoot Confederacy of Alberta as part of the Nistawatsiman project. Data were gathered in a project relating to AT and the Supreme Court of Canada.FINDINGS: Cultural Attachment Theory is emerging as a preferred way to think of Indigenous contexts as opposed to applying traditional AT. The validity of AT with Indigenous families is likely not valid and perpetuates colonial and assimilative understandings of family, parenting and the place of culture.CONCLUSIONS: Pan-Indigenous methods bias child intervention, blinding them to the capacity of Indigenous caring systems’ capacity to raise their children. The use of AT sustains over- representation of Indigenous children in care and continues the colonial practices of fracturing Indigenous caregiving systems which, in turn, creates the patterns for the next generation’s over-representation in care. Indigenous ways of knowing and being are required along with Indigenous-based decision making.

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Section: Attachment Theorymentioning

confidence: 82%

Where do we go from here? Ongoing colonialism from Attachment Theory

Choate

CrazyBull

Lindstrom³

et al. 2020

ANZSWJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, the fact that the factor analysis was conducted by relying on the data of Japanese parents' responses may have contributed to the division. In other words, since, in general, Japanese parents have been indicated to be greater controlling than their Western counterparts 32,33 , controlling parenting styles may have been finely categorized. Accordingly, measuring two different types of controlling styles in this way provide a better precise understanding of Japanese controlling parenting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that parenting behaviors with strict discipline are less likely to lead to negative outcomes for children in the East than in the West 48 . In general, parenting styles in Asia, including Japan, are characterized by over-involvement 33,49 . Thus, high levels of controlling parenting may not be associated strongly with negative outcomes of children in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Japanese Parenting Style Scale and examination of its validity and reliability

Okubo

Tang

Lee

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Parenting is an essential factor affecting child development. Therefore, several studies have focused on individual differences in parenting (i.e., parenting styles). However, there exist only a few useful scales in Japan, especially for parents who have preschool children. Therefore, a new scale for assessing parenting styles in Japan, based on the traditional theoretical framework, was developed, and examined for its validity and reliability. In Study 1, 82 original items were constructed and 1236 parents with preschool children completed these items. Next, 28 items for the Japanese Parenting Style Scale (JPSS) were selected based on factor analysis and the analyses of the graded response model. The JPSS included four factors: warmth, hostility, permissiveness, and harsh control. The results showed that each sub-scale had sufficient conceptual validity and internal consistency. In Study 2, the criterion-related validity of the JPSS was examined. A total of 1236 parents, non-participants in Study 1, completed the JPSS and other scales. The results showed sufficient criterion-related validity for the scale.

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“…For example, Mesman et al.’s review (2016) did not consider these findings as strong evidence supporting the competence hypothesis (i.e., attachment security is associated with competent developmental outcomes while attachment insecurity is related to incompetent developmental outcomes). Behrens (2016), who recently reviewed Japanese attachment research, concluded that “a longitudinal or a follow up study of attachment in Japan is desperately needed to confirm or disconfirm the hypothesis that attachment security predicts competence in Japanese children” (p. 14).…”

Section: Measuring Infant Attachment With the Strange Situation Proce...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese infants’ attachment insecurity and externalizing/internalizing problems: Using strange situation and attachment Q‐sort methods

Umemura

Iwamoto

Tanaka

2022

Infant Mental Health Journal

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According to attachment theory, an infant-mother attachment is universal, and infants who develop an insecure attachment relationship with their mother are likely to show mental health problems compared to those who develop a secure attachment relationship. These hypotheses have been empirically supported in Western cultures. However, the cross-cultural evidence is still insufficient. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between Japanese infants' attachment insecurity and mental health problems. We studied 81 Japanese infants (M age = 14.64 months, SD = 1.43, females = 54%) mostly from middleclass families. The Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) and Attachment Q-sort (AQS) assessed infant attachment security. Infant externalizing and internalizing problems were rated concurrently by the mother and 6 months later by the mother and another adult (father or grandmother). Japanese infants' attachment insecurity measured by the AQS was associated with their externalizing problems concurrently and 6 months later. Infants with insecure-resistant attachment measured by the SSP had higher externalizing problems compared to those with secure attachment concurrently (not 6 months later). Attachment insecurity was not related to internalizing problems. These findings partly supported the association between attachment insecurity and mental health problems. This research also recommends observing infant attachment at home.

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Reconsidering Attachment in Context of Culture: Review of Attachment Studies in Japan

Cited by 13 publications

References 76 publications

Where do we go from here? Ongoing colonialism from Attachment Theory

Where do we go from here? Ongoing colonialism from Attachment Theory

Development of the Japanese Parenting Style Scale and examination of its validity and reliability

Japanese infants’ attachment insecurity and externalizing/internalizing problems: Using strange situation and attachment Q‐sort methods

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