Recomendações para alimentação complementar da criança em aleitamento materno

Abstract

Suggested citation: Monte CM, Giugliani ER. Recommendations for the complementary feeding of the breastfed child. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80(5 Suppl):S131-S141. AbstractObjective: To present a review on the evidences that support the current recommendations for breastfed children feeding. Sources of data:An extensive bibliographic review of the topic was carried out. Articles selected in the MEDLINE and Lilacs databases, publications from national and international organizations, theses and dissertations were reviewed. Some key articles were also selected from the citations referred in other papers.Summary of the findings: New knowledge acquired about child feeding over the last 20 years have led to a significant change in the current feeding recommendations for breastfed children in relation to the prior recommendations. The current recommended nutritional needs are lower than the old recommendations, complementary food is introduced in a more precise age, around 6 months, and new methods are recommended for promoting the childs healthy eating. The new recommendations emphasize the health feeding practices which comprise both the adequate food quantity and quality, including care with food handling and preparation, feeding and storage practices, and the respect and adequacy to the cultural characteristics of each people. Conclusions:The adequate complementary feeding of the breastfed child is critical for the optimal child growth and development. Therefore, it is an essential factor for both the populations food security and the development of nations. The health professionals are ought to effectively pass on to mothers/care takers the new recommendations for promoting the healthy complementary feeding of the breastfed child. It is up to the governments to provide the adequate conditions for supporting such a promotion.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80(5 Suppl):S131-S141: Complementary feeding, breastfeeding, child nutrition, diet, weaning.

Perfil da prática da amamentação em grupo de mães adolescentes

“…Among the capabilities to care for the child, is feeding, which includes breastfeeding. It is known that breastfeeding is an important component of adequate infant feeding and that the feeding, from birth and in the early years of the life of the child, has repercussions throughout the life of the individual (1) .…”

Recomendações para alimentação complementar de crianças menores de dois anos

“…A partir daí torna-se necessária a introdução da alimentação complementar, visando o fornecimento de energia, proteínas, vitaminas e minerais 3 . A adequação nutricional dos alimentos complementares é fundamental na prevenção de morbimortalidade na infância, incluindo a desnutrição e o sobrepeso 4,5 . Nos últimos anos têm ocorrido avanços importantes na promoção da amamentação, no entanto a promoção da alimentação complementar tem menores progressos.…”

“…O uso do termo "desmame" também é desaconselhável, pois pode ser entendido erroneamente como a parada total da amamentação, interferindo negativamente na promoção do aleitamento materno. Recomenda--se, atualmente, o termo "desmame total" para indicar a interrupção total da amamentação 4,7 .…”

“…Recomendou, ainda, a introdução de alimentos complementares nutricionalmente adequados, inócuos e culturalmente apropriados, a partir de seis meses, com manutenção da amamentação por dois anos ou mais 3,10 . Essas recomendações internacionais são resultado de diversos trabalhos científicos que propuseram revisão das práticas alimentares infantis, quando finalmente se estabeleceu um consenso mundial de que não há nenhum benefício que possa justificar a introdução precoce de alimentos complementares antes dos seis meses 3,4,8,10 .…”

Frog meat microbiota (Lithobates catesbeianus) used in infant food

“…The Brazilian Resolution of the Collegiate Board of Directors-RDC 222/02 (Brasil, 2002) and Law number 11.265 of January 3 rd , 2006 (Brasil, 2006) established the age of first infancy or early childhood, i.e, toddlers, as between 12 (twelve) months and 3 (three) years of age, emphasizing that formulas intended for infants and toddlers should aim to promote progressive adaptation to food in a balanced way that is adequate to nutritional demands meeting physiological maturity and psychomotor development. Monte & Giugliani (2004) concluded that complementary feeding of toddlers is critical to ensure good development and growth of the child, and, therefore, it is an essential element to meet human nutritional requirements and security and also for the development of the nation. Food security implies the right to permanent access to sufficient and nutritious food and healthy food habits corresponding to the cultural traditions of the people.…”