RESUMO:Buscamos identificar a percepção das mulheres em situação de violência sobre o suporte e o apoio recebido em seu contexto social, particularmente, dos recursos institucionalizados de combate à violência contra a mulher. Estudo descritivo e exploratório de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvido no Instituto Médico Legal de Ribeirão Preto. Foram entrevistadas 57 mulheres, vítimas de violência doméstica do tipo lesão corporal dolosa, e os dados analisados pela modalidade temática. A busca por ajuda ocorre no seu próprio meio social, junto à família e amigos. A utilização dos serviços de saúde depende da percepção da gravidade do estado de saúde e nem sempre resulta em resposta adequada às demandas das mulheres. Na justiça, a realidade de desamparo e descrença aponta para desarticulação e inoperância das instituições sociais de suporte às vítimas. Para o atendimento integral e humanizado, as ações devem ir além de protocolos de ação, pensando em estratégias de prevenção e redução de violência.DESCRITORES: Saúde pública. Violência doméstica. Identidade de gênero. DOMESTICALLY ABUSED BRAZILIAN WOMEN'S PERCEPTIONS ABOUT SUPPORT AND RECEIVED SUPPORT IN ITS SOCIAL CONTEXT ABSTRACT:We seek to identify the perceptions of women in situations of violence concerning the support and assistance received in its social context, particularly, the institutionalized resources to combat violence against women. A descriptive exploratory qualitative approach was developed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. We interviewed 57 women victims of aggravated assault domestic violence and analyzed the results thematically. The search for help occurs in its own social environment, together with family and friends. The use of health services depends on the perception of the severity of the condition and does not always result in adequate responses to these women's demands. In justice, the reality of helplessness and disbelief points to dislocation and failure of available social support institutions for victims. For integral and humanized care, the actions should go beyond the protocols of action, thinking of prevention and reduced violence strategies.DESCRIPTORS: Public health. Domestic violence. Gender identity. LA PERCEPCIÓN DE LAS MUJERES VÍCTIMAS DE VIOLENCIA SOBRE LA ASISTENCIA Y EL APOYO RECIBIDO EN SU CONTEXTO SOCIAL RESUMEN:El objetivo del estudio es identificar la percepción de las mujeres víctimas de violencia, sobre el apoyo y la asistencia recibida en su contexto social, y en particular, los recursos institucionalizados para combatir la violencia contra la mujer. Es un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado en el Instituto Médico Legal de Ribeirão Preto. Se entrevistaron 57 mujeres víctimas de violencia doméstica con lesión corporal dolosa. El análisis de los datos se hizo según la modalidad temática. La búsqueda de ayuda viene de su propio entorno social, con la familia y amigos. El uso de los servicios de salud depende de la percepción de la gravedad del estado de s...
This study aims to understand the meanings ascribed by a group of women from Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, to their experiences with breastfeeding in relation to the sensations and manifestations in their own bodies as well as those they perceive in their children. The phenomenon was viewed as integrated with value systems related to motherhood and the body. The research methodology was qualitative. Participants included twenty primiparous women who had given birth less than 30 days previously who came to primary health care clinics due to various complaints. The analysis of interviews and observations was based on the thematic modality of content analysis. For these women, breastfeeding means to be a good mother and to give the best of oneself to the child. In breastfeeding practice, among limits and possibilities, they measure what they consider a "problem" based on the perceived manifestations in their own bodies and especially in those of their children. Their concerns are based on harm and danger to which they expose the child. Such experiences play out at the limits of being: the body for the child and the body for oneself, thereby establishing a sharp conflict between motherhood and individuality.
RESUMO:Os objetivos foram identificar os significados atribuídos pelas mães adolescentes aos cuidados com o bebê e seu autocuidado; identificar os que reconhecem como dificuldade na vivência da fase puerperal e no cuidado com o bebê. Estudo qualitativo realizado em uma maternidade de atendimento do Sistema Único de Saúde, de janeiro a março de 2005. Participaram 22 puérperas adolescentes primíparas. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semi-estruturadas, gravadas, com posterior análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. A maternidade é percebida como uma mudança psicológica, social e física, e o cuidado materno, como um dever a ser exercido, sendo prioritário em relação ao cuidado de si mesmo. A falta de experiência, informação e a situação financeira foram apontadas como principais dificuldades para o cuidado, sendo a família o suporte. A sociedade subestima a capacidade da adolescente para cuidar do filho, devendo criar estratégias para o desenvolvimento da autonomia da adolescente, para que esta assuma ativamente as responsabilidades maternas. DESCRITORES:Saúde da mulher. Saúde do adolescente. Período pós-parto. Autocuidado. MEANING ATTRIBUTED BY ADOLESCENTS PUERPERAE CONCERNING MATERNITY: SELF-CARE AND BABY'S CAREABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to identify the meanings attributed by adolescent mothers towards care for their babies and self-care, and to identify what they recognize as difficulties during their postpartum period and concerning caring for their respective babies. This study used a qualitative approach that took place in a maternity hospital that attends women through the Brazilian National Health Care System (Sistema Único de Saúde) from January to March of 2005. The subjects were 22 adolescent first time pregnant women. The data was collected via semi-structured interviews, recorded, and submitted to posterior thematic content analysis. Maternity is understood as a psychological, social, and physical change with maternal care as a duty to be exercised, taking priority when compared with self-care. The lack of experience, information, and their financial situations were pointed out as the main difficulties to care, with family listed as support. Society underestimates the adolescent's capacity to care for the child, needing to create strategies for developing the adolescent's autonomy in order that she actively assume her maternal responsibilities. DESCRIPTORS:Women's health. Adolescent health. Postpartum period. Self care. SIGNIFICADOS ATRIBUIDOS POR PUÉRPERAS ADOLESCENTES A LA MATERNIDAD: AUTOCUIDADO Y EL CUIDADO CON EL BEBÉ RESUMEN:Los objetivos del estudio fueron: identificar los significados atribuidos por las madres adolescentes al cuidado del bebé y de sí mismas; e identificar lo que reconocen como dificultad en el puerperio y en el cuidado del bebé. Es un estudio cualitativo desarrollado de Enero a Marzo de 2005, en una maternidad que atiende a usuarias del Sistema Único de Salud. Participaron 22 puérperas adolescentes y primíparas. Los datos fueron recolectados por entrevist...
OBJETIVOS: Várias são as políticas públicas no Brasil para o enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher. Registra-se na literatura que os profissionais de saúde acham o tema de difícil abordagem. Para melhorar o atendimento no SUS em Ribeirão Preto, realizou-se um estudo para avaliar o conhecimento e a atitude dos profissionais de saúde em relação à violência de gênero. MÉTODOS: Contataram-se 278 profissionais de saúde, dos quais 221 foram entrevistados utilizando-se um questionário estruturado. RESULTADOS: 51 (23,0%) eram enfermeiras e 170 (77,0%) médicos; 119 (53,8%) homens e 102 (46,2%) mulheres, com idade média de 38,6 anos; 200 (90,5%) consideravam-se brancos ou asiáticos e 21 (9,5%) pretos e pardos. Tinham em média 12,5 anos de vida profissional e 158 (68,8%) eram oriundos de universidade pública. Apenas pouco mais da metade (58,7%) mostrou conhecimento geral adequado (bom e alto) sobre a violência de gênero, o que indica a necessidade de capacitar os profissionais para este atendimento. Em relação às barreiras para averiguar a violência, os profissionais citaram a falta de uma política institucional e o silêncio da mulher que não revela a violência. Os entrevistados, em particular as mulheres jovens, apresentaram atitudes mais favoráveis para o acolhimento da mulher em situação de violência. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos entrevistados demonstrou atitudes positivas e podemos inferir que há bom potencial para o manejo adequado dos casos, se receberem capacitação.
It is extremely important to identify women living in a violent situation. However, the health sector has not always offered a satisfactory response for the issue. We sought to identify how the health professionals of a maternity perceive and act in view of a violent situation. This is a qualitative research, in which the data were collected through semistructured interviews and subject to thematic analysis. The study group consisted of 12 health professionals from a philanthropic maternity hospital located in Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. It was observed that health professionals characterize violence against women as a severe and important problem in society, caused by and leading to gender inequality. However, professional practice tends towards a biologistic and reductionist approach, which fragments women's health care,justified bythe lack of professional training, institutional support and a multidisciplinary team.
The objective of this study was to characterize the practices of breastfeeding promotion developed by nursing professionals of the Family Health Strategy and analyze the correlation between their knowledge of breastfeeding and how often they provided teaching regarding this topic. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed at the Family Health Strategy units of Uberaba, Minas Gerais with 85 nursing professionals, using two questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using frequency distribution and Spearman's correlation analysis. Most professionals said that they often addressed breastfeeding in the investigated practices. However, a poor correlation was observed between the frequency of this approach and the mean score on knowledge test. The nursing professionals' statements indicate that breastfeeding recommendations were provided regardless of their knowledge on the topic.
OBJETIVO: Objetivou-se, neste estudo, compreender o significado de ser acompanhante de uma mulher em trabalho de parto e parto. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 12 acompanhantes de parturientes assistidas em uma maternidade. MÉTODOS: A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi a qualitativa e a análise dos dados foi fundamentada na técnica de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADO: Os significados observados para a participação do acompanhante foram: "dar força", "ficar junto/ao lado" e "observar tudo". No espaço hospitalar de domínio médico, o acompanhante relatou que "quem faz é o médico"; algumas vezes se perceberam "sem coragem" e "sem atitude". CONCLUSÃO: Diante de tais resultados, verificou-se que é preciso dar voz aos agentes envolvidos diretamente no processo de parturição, que muitas vezes sentem-se intimidados pelos profissionais de saúde, desencorajados de participar, ou assumindo um papel fiscalizador na tentativa de obter uma assistência segura para a parturiente.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of low-frequency TENS (LFT) and high-frequency TENS (HFT) in post-episiotomy pain relief. MethodA randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial with placebo composed of 33 puerperae with post-episiotomy pain. TENS was applied for 30 minutes to groups: HFT(100 Hz; 100 µs), LFT (5 Hz; 100 µs), and placebo (PT). Four electrodes were placed in parallel near the episiotomy and four pain evaluations were performed with the numeric rating scale. The first and the second evaluation took place before TENS application and immediately after its removal and were done in the resting position and in the activities of sitting and ambulating. The third and fourth evaluation took place 30 and 60 minutes after TENS removal, only in the resting position. Intragroup differences were verified using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, and the intergroup analysis employed the Kruskal-Wallis test. ResultsIn the intragroup analysis, there was no significant difference in the PT during rest, sitting, and ambulation (P>0.05). In the HFT and LFT, a significant difference was observed in all activities (P<0.001). In the intergroup analysis, there was a significant difference in the resting position in the HFT and LFT (P<0.001). In the sitting activity, a significant difference was verified in the second evaluation in the HFT and LFT (P<0.008). No significant difference was verified among the groups in ambulation (P<0.20). ConclusionsLFT and HFT are an effective resource that may be included in the routine of maternity wards.
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