Reclassification of Bacillus beijingensis Qiu et al. 2009 and Bacillus ginsengi Qiu et al. 2009 as Bhargavaea beijingensis comb. nov. and Bhargavaea ginsengi comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Bhargavaea

Abstract

We have carried out a polyphasic taxonomic characterization of Bacillus beijingensis DSM 19037T and Bacillus ginsengi DSM 19038T, which are closely related phylogenetically to Bhargavaea cecembensis LMG 24411T. All three strains are Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halotolerant and non-spore-forming. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the strains constituted a coherent cluster, with sequence similarities between 99.7 and 98.7 %. The percentage similarity on the basis of amino acid sequences deduced from partial gyrB gene nucleotide sequences of these three type strains was 96.1–92.7 %. Phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene and GyrB amino acid sequences, obtained by using three different algorithms, were consistent and showed that these three species constituted a deeply rooted cluster separated from the clades represented by the genera Bacillus , Planococcus , Planomicrobium , Sporosarcina , Lysinibacillus , Viridibacillus , Kurthia and Geobacillus , supporting their placement in the genus Bhargavaea . All three type strains have menaquinone MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and showed similar fatty acid profiles. The main polar lipids present in the three type strains were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the three strains showed peptidoglycan type A4α with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. The DNA G+C contents of Bacillus beijingensis DSM 19037T, Bacillus ginsengi DSM 19038T and Bhargavaea cecembensis LMG 24411T were 53.1, 50.2 and 53.7 mol%, respectively. The level of DNA–DNA hybridization among the three strains was 57–39 %, indicating that they are members of different species of the genus Bhargavaea . The phenotypic data are consistent with the placement of these three species in a single genus and support their differentiation at the species level. On the basis of these data, we have emended the description of the genus Bhargavaea and propose the reclassification of Bacillus beijingensis and Bacillus ginsengi to the genus Bhargavaea , as Bhargavaea beijingensis comb. nov. (type strain ge10T = DSM 19037T = CGMCC 1.6762T) and Bhargavaea ginsengi comb. nov. (type strain ge14T = DSM 19038T = CGMCC 1.6763T).

Bhargavaea ullalensis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sand

“…The polar lipid profile of strain ZMA 19 T showed the major lipid diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two lipids not stainable with any of the specific detection reagents, indicating that these lipids do not contain a free amino group, phosphate or a sugar moiety (). These traits, lysine in the peptidoglycan, menaquinone MK-8 as the major quinone and a polar lipid profile with the major compounds diphosphatidylglycerol and phoshatidylglycerol, are in excellent agreement with the emended description of the genus Bhargavaea (Verma et al , 2012).…”

“…The genus Bhargavaea was proposed by Manorama et al (2009) with one species, Bhargavaea cecembensis , to accommodate Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming bacteria. Chemotaxonomically, the genus is characterized by a cell-wall peptidoglycan type A4α with l -lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid and the presence of the major polar lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and the major isoprenoid quinone type MK-8 (Verma et al , 2012). On the basis of 16S rRNA sequence comparisons and chemotaxonomic characteristics, this genus was different from the lineages represented by the genera Planococcus , Planomicrobium , Bacillus , and Geobacillus .…”

“…On the basis of 16S rRNA sequence comparisons and chemotaxonomic characteristics, this genus was different from the lineages represented by the genera Planococcus , Planomicrobium , Bacillus , and Geobacillus . In the same year, two species of the genus Bacillus , Bacillus beijingensis and Bacillus ginsengi , were reported by Qiu et al (2009) and showed high similarities to Bhargavaea cecembensis ; consequently these were later transferred to the genus Bhargavaea by Verma et al (2012).…”

“…In order to further distinguish strain ZMA 19 T from the other species of the genus Bhargavaea , gyrB amino acid sequence-based analysis was performed according to Verma et al (2012). The partial gyrB sequence of strain ZMA 19 T was amplified and sequenced according to Verma et al (2012) and analysis was performed in mega 5 (Tamura et al , 2011).…”

“…In order to further distinguish strain ZMA 19 T from the other species of the genus Bhargavaea , gyrB amino acid sequence-based analysis was performed according to Verma et al (2012). The partial gyrB sequence of strain ZMA 19 T was amplified and sequenced according to Verma et al (2012) and analysis was performed in mega 5 (Tamura et al , 2011). The gyrB nucleotide sequences were translated into the amino acid sequences by using the full-length gyrB sequence (LGAS_0005) from the genome-sequenced strain Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323 T to obtain the correct open reading frame.…”