Recent Trends in Field-Effect Transistors-Based Immunosensors

Abstract

Abstract:Immunosensors are analytical platforms that detect specific antigen-antibody interactions and play an important role in a wide range of applications in biomedical clinical diagnosis, food safety, and monitoring contaminants in the environment. Field-effect transistors (FET) immunosensors have been developed as promising alternatives to conventional immunoassays, which require complicated processes and long-time data acquisition. The electrical signal of FET-based immunosensors is generated as a result of the antigen-antibody conjugation. FET biosensors present real-time and rapid response, require small sample volume, and exhibit higher sensitivity and selectivity. This review brings an overview on the recent literature of FET-based immunosensors, highlighting a diversity of nanomaterials modified with specific receptors as immunosensing platforms for the ultrasensitive detection of various biomolecules.

A Short Review of the Architecture and Computational Analysis in the Design of Graphene Based Bioelectronic Devices

“…(40)(41)(42) The AuNPs are spread over a thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO) membrane as the channel material of the FET; these nanoparticles have shown specific recognition ability for IgG. (41)(42)(43) Such graphene-FET biosensors have been shown to exhibit exceptional sensitivity with detection limits down to 0.01 nM. Aptamer-modified graphene-FET biosensors also show label-free, real-time responses against immunoglobulin E (IgE) protein at very low concentrations.…”

Electrochemical Immunosensors and Aptasensors

“…Electrochemical detection methods, as alternatives to voltammetry, amperometry or even electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, are discussed by de Moraes and Kubota [20], who reviewed the recent literature on immunosensors based on field effect transistors (FETs). The electrical signal of FET immunosensors is generated as a result of the antibody-antigen conjugation.…”

A label-free aptasensor FET based on Au nanoparticle decorated Co3O4nanorods and a SWCNT layer for detection of cardiac troponin T protein

“…13 Such transducers possess many advantageous attributes, such as excellent sensitivity and selectivity, the ability to be used for label-free detection of various analytes, and being simple in terms of fabrication and on-chip integration, all of which make them excellent candidates for point-of-care systems. 14 Various types of functional nanomaterials such as semiconductor nanoparticles, 15 carbon-based nanostructures, 16 metal chalcogenides, 17 and semiconducting metal oxides (SMOs) 18 have been reported and fabricated for FET-based biosensors. For example, Kim et al reported FET biosensors based on silicon nanowires (Si-NWRs) with honeycomb nanostructures for the label-free detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) with high sensitivity.…”