Recent studies on the decomposition and strategies of smoke and toxicity suppression for polyurethane based materials

Liu, Xiu; Hao, Jianwei; Gaan, Sabyasachi

doi:10.1039/c6ra14345h

Cited by 114 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…With the rapid development of polymer science and technology, more and more polymer materials have been used to manufacture various lightweight or other featured products in a wide range of elds. [1][2][3][4][5][6] As an important general engineering plastic, polycarbonate (PC) has also achieved great development in many manufacturing industries, including building material, automobile, electrical and electronic, and medicine industries. [7][8][9][10] Especially for bisphenol-A type PC, its inherent ame retardancy makes most untreated bisphenol-A type PC meet the standard of the UL94 V-2 level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous-phase flame retardant behavior of a multi-phosphaphenanthrene compound in a polycarbonate composite

et al. 2017

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A multi-phosphaphenanthrene compound (TDBA) was incorporated into polycarbonate (PC) to prepare a flame retardant composite. TDBA improved the flame retardancy of the PC material effectively. The PC composite comprising 10 wt% TDBA passed the UL94 V-0 level with a LOI value of 33.7%. The incorporation of TDBA effectively inhibited the combustion intensity of the TDBA/PC composite via reducing the production of flammable methane and carbonyl-containing substances, suppressing the oxidative process of combustible pyrolysis products, and promoting the PC matrix to form large-scale smoke particles. All these were caused by releasing phosphaphenanthrene fragments, PO, and phenoxyl free radicals from pyrolyzed TDBA. As an additive-type flame retardant with multiple phosphaphenanthrene groups, TDBA was verified to exert its effect mainly in the gaseous phase during flame retarding of PC materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous-phase flame retardant behavior of a multi-phosphaphenanthrene compound in a polycarbonate composite

et al. 2017

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“…HRR is one of the most important parameters for characterizing the fire . The HRR curves of neat and PLA/PC blend and its composites are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HRR is one of the most important parameters for characterizing the fire. [38,[40][41][42][43] The HRR curves of neat and PLA/PC blend and its composites are shown in Figure 4. It is seen that PLA/PC burned fast and the peak value of 764 kW/m 2 in 185 seconds.…”

Section: Heat Release Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of glass fiber reinforcement on the thermal, mechanical, and flame retardancy behavior of poly(lactic acid)/polycarbonate blend

Hazer

Aytaç

2019

Polymer Composites

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This study aims to investigate the thermal, mechanical, and flammability properties of glass fiber (GF) reinforced PLA/PC composites. PLA/PC (50:50) blend was compounded and used as the control sample. Loading levels of GF were altered as 5, 10, 15, and 30 wt%. All composites were produced in a microcompounder and subsequently molded by injection molding. The properties of the composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope, and cone calorimetry test. The maximum tensile strength value was observed for 30 wt% GF reinforced composite as 110.18 MPa. Similar initial degradation temperatures were obtained for the composites compared to the PLA. The maximum LOI value was determined as 23.1 for 30 wt% GF reinforced PLA/PC among the produced composites. Besides, it is observed that the addition of GF significantly decreased the total heat release rate.

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“…The metal cations help the formation of double bonds, capable of cross-linking, which facilitates the char formation at high temperatures [44]. Besides, the double bond provided in the system thanks to VTMS modification further boosts this process.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane/Silane-Functionalized ZrO2 Nanocomposite Powder Coatings: Thermal Degradation Kinetics

et al. 2020

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A polyurethane (PU)-based powder coating reinforced with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS)-functionalized ZrO 2 nanoparticles (V-ZrO 2 ) for thermal stability was developed. Chemical structure, microstructure and thermal degradation kinetics of the prepared coatings were investigated. The peak of aliphatic C-H vibrating bond in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of V-ZrO 2 was a signature of VTMS attachment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveled that, by increase of V-ZrO 2 content from 0.1 to 0.3 wt.% and then 0.5 wt.%, some agglomerations of nanoparticles are formed in the PU matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the PU/V-ZrO 2 powder coatings was performed at different heating rates nonisothermally to capture alteration of activation energy (E a ) of degradation of PU/V-ZrO 2 powder coatings as a function of partial mass loss by using Friedman, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Ozawa-Wall-Flynn (FWO) and modified Coats-Redfern isoconversional approaches. It was observed that by addition of 1 wt.% V-ZrO 2 to PU resin the early state degradation temperature at 5% weight loss increased about 65 • C, suggesting a physical barrier effect limiting the volatility of free radicals and decomposition products. Incorporation of 5 wt.% ZrO 2 led to about 16% and 10% increase in E a and LnA of blank PU, respectively, which was indicative of higher thermal resistance of nanocomposite powder coatings against thermal degradation. There was also obvious agreement between model outputs and experimental data. The results reveal that nanocomposite coating shows superior thermal properties compared to neat PU powder coatings, and the presence of nano ZrO 2 in sufficient amount causes retardation of the thermal decomposition process.

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Recent studies on the decomposition and strategies of smoke and toxicity suppression for polyurethane based materials

Abstract: This review provides insight into recent studies related to thermal degradation, smoke and toxicity production and their reduction strategies for polyurethane-based materials.

Cited by 114 publications

References 142 publications

Gaseous-phase flame retardant behavior of a multi-phosphaphenanthrene compound in a polycarbonate composite

Gaseous-phase flame retardant behavior of a multi-phosphaphenanthrene compound in a polycarbonate composite

Effect of glass fiber reinforcement on the thermal, mechanical, and flame retardancy behavior of poly(lactic acid)/polycarbonate blend

Polyurethane/Silane-Functionalized ZrO2 Nanocomposite Powder Coatings: Thermal Degradation Kinetics

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