Recent progress of graphene‐based materials for efficient charge transfer and device performance stability in perovskite solar cells

Safie, Nur Ezyanie; Azam, Mohd Asyadi; Aziz, Mohd Sanusi Abdul; Ismail, Mashasriyah

doi:10.1002/er.5876

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Different differential quadrature schemes such as classical DQ or PDQM, SDQM, DSCDQM‐DLK, and DSCDQM‐RSK are presented to formulate and solve PSCs such as follows 37‐39,47‐51 …”

Section: Methods Of Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An accurate numerical approach for studying perovskite solar cells

et al. 2021

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Summary This work presents different numerical methods that are used for the first time in solving Perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Classical differential quadrature, sinc, and discrete singular convolution (Regularized Shannon and Delta Lagrange kernels) methods are employed for studying this problem. The governing equations are derived based on Poisson's and continuity equations. The different quadrature techniques are introduced to convert the system of nonlinear partial differential equations to nonlinear algebraic system. Then, an iterative method is used to solve this system. Convergence and efficiency of the obtained results with error ≤10−8 depend on various computational characteristics for each technique. The computed results match with previous experiment, exact, finite difference, SCAPS 1‐D simulation software, and finite element scheme. Then, the comprehensive parametric study is explored to show the effects of density states, gap energy, thickness, temperatures, lifetimes, wavelength, absorption coefficient, recombination prefactor, and recombination mechanisms whether direct or indirect on power conversion efficiency (PCE) and charge transport of solar cells with and without interface material. After all that have been studied on PSCs, it was found that the best value of PCEs was 32%. Thus, the computed results of the present schemes may be useful for improving the performance level of PSCs.

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“…Different differential quadrature schemes such as classical DQ or PDQM, SDQM, DSCDQM‐DLK, and DSCDQM‐RSK are presented to formulate and solve PSCs such as follows 37‐39,47‐51 …”

Section: Methods Of Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential boundary condition can be showed as:

E ((), d) - E ((), 0) = \frac{E_{gap} - B_{n} - B_{h}}{e} - V,

where B n and B h are the electron and hole energy barrier, respectively 47,48 …”

Section: Formulation Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An accurate numerical approach for studying perovskite solar cells

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, the FGr and rGO-based OSCs were more stable than PFN-based devices, since they only dropped 7.4% and 9.0% of their initial PCE after storage without encapsulation for 61 days in an inert environment, respectively, in comparison with a 56. [1,2,3]triazole)] (J71):ITIC, as the active layer blends. In addition, the non-fullerene-based OSCs with the AF-GQD HTLs managed to retain 80% of the initial PCE value after exposure at 100 C for 24 hours, in comparison with the asprepared ZnO reference devices, which retained 40% of the original PCE under the same conditions.…”

Section: Electron-transport Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon-based materials have been of intense research focus in the past few years due to their unique properties, which enable diverse applications, especially energy harvesting in new generation photovoltaic devices. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Currently, the most widely used photovoltaic devices are the first-generation (silicon-based p-n junction) solar cells that have already been commercialized owing to their relatively high power conversion efficiency (PCE), with reported values now above 26%, 7,8 and long-term environmental stability. 9 However, there has been a tremendous emphasis on finding suitable alternatives due to their high cost, complicated fabrication procedures, and rigidity, limiting largescale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic solar cells: Current perspectives on graphene‐based materials for electrodes, electron acceptors and interfacial layers

2020

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An assortment of carbon-based materials, such as nanotubes, nanorods, nanoribbons, nanofibers and graphene, is fast gaining significant research interest in developing various components of organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their unique optoelectronic properties. Among these, graphene-based materials are more appealing owing to their remarkable optical, electrical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties, coupled with their specific large surface area and flexibility, which are compatible with large-scale roll-to-roll synthesis.

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“…Among these, the thirdgeneration solar cells have gained significant research attention due to an abundance of low-cost materials, solution processability, flexibility, lightweight, environmental friendliness, and ease of scaling-up. [28][29][30][31][32] Interestingly, PSCs are a rising star owing to their recent breakthrough in PCE, which has shown a rapid increase from 3.8% in 2009 [33,34] to %25.5% for the current state-of-the-art PSCs. [35] The superior performance of PSCs is mainly attributed to the exceptional properties of metal halide perovskites, including the large absorption coefficient, direct and tunable bandgap, low exciton binding energy at room temperature, ambipolar charge transport characteristics, high charge carrier mobility, slow recombination kinetics, and long electron-hole diffusion length.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Muchuweni

Martincigh

Nyamori

2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Recent advancements in technology have inevitably led to a significant increase in the global energy demand, whose traditional energy sources, such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy, are failing to meet needs due to their nonrenewable nature and consequent depletion. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Moreover, fossil fuels and nuclear energy are major sources of environmental pollution, which is responsible for unfavorable global warming and climate change. [7][8][9] Hence, there has been considerable research interest in sustainable and renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy, due to its natural abundance and environmentally friendly nature. [10][11][12] In this regard, solar energy is most commonly converted into electricity by making use of the first-generation solar cells, i.e., crystalline silicon solar cells, that are now commercially available, with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of above 26% [13,14] and superior environmental stability. [15] However, the largescale production of silicon-based solar cells is restricted by their high production cost, complicated fabrication procedures, rigidity, [16,17] and PCE, which is almost close to the theoretical limit of %29.4%. [18] As a result, the second-generation solar cells, i.e., thin-film solar cells, such as amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells, and cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, [19][20][21] and the third-generation solar cells, such as organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), [22][23][24][25][26][27] have been developed by using simple and low-cost fabrication procedures. Among these, the thirdgeneration solar cells have gained significant research attention due to an abundance of low-cost materials, solution processability, flexibility, lightweight, environmental friendliness, and ease of scaling-up. [28][29][30][31][32] Interestingly, PSCs are a rising star owing to their recent breakthrough in PCE, which has shown a rapid increase from 3.8% in 2009 [33,34] to %25.5% for the current state-of-the-art PSCs. [35] The superior performance of PSCs is mainly attributed to the exceptional properties of metal halide perovskites, including the large absorption coefficient, direct and tunable bandgap, low exciton binding energy at room temperature, ambipolar charge transport characteristics, high charge carrier mobility, slow recombination kinetics, and long electron-hole diffusion length. [36][37][38][39][40][41] Thus, metal halide perovskites are emerging semiconductor materials, described by the general formula of ABX 3 , where A is a monovalent cation, such as methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 þ ; MA), formamidinium (CH 3 (NH 2 ) 2 þ ; FA), caesium (Cs þ ), or rubidium (Rb þ ); B is a divalent metal cation, such as lead (Pb 2þ ), tin (Sn 2þ ), or germanium (Ge 2þ ); and X is a halide anion, such as iodide (I À ), bromide (Br À ), or chloride (Cl À ).

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Recent progress of graphene‐based materials for efficient charge transfer and device performance stability in perovskite solar cells

Cited by 38 publications

References 140 publications

An accurate numerical approach for studying perovskite solar cells

An accurate numerical approach for studying perovskite solar cells

Organic solar cells: Current perspectives on graphene‐based materials for electrodes, electron acceptors and interfacial layers

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

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