An accurate numerical approach for studying perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Summary This work presents different numerical methods that are used for the first time in solving Perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Classical differential quadrature, sinc, and discrete singular convolution (Regularized Shannon and Delta Lagrange kernels) methods are employed for studying this problem. The governing equations are derived based on Poisson's and continuity equations. The different quadrature techniques are introduced to convert the system of nonlinear partial differential equations to nonlinear algebraic system. Then, an iterative method is used to solve this system. Convergence and efficiency of the obtained results with error ≤10−8 depend on various computational characteristics for each technique. The computed results match with previous experiment, exact, finite difference, SCAPS 1‐D simulation software, and finite element scheme. Then, the comprehensive parametric study is explored to show the effects of density states, gap energy, thickness, temperatures, lifetimes, wavelength, absorption coefficient, recombination prefactor, and recombination mechanisms whether direct or indirect on power conversion efficiency (PCE) and charge transport of solar cells with and without interface material. After all that have been studied on PSCs, it was found that the best value of PCEs was 32%. Thus, the computed results of the present schemes may be useful for improving the performance level of PSCs.

Stability study of large‐area perovskite solar cells fabricated with copper as low‐cost metal contact

“…It is important to perform simulation of the design and structures of the device before actually doing the experiments. It can influence the cost of several sets of experiments 42‐47 . Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS) is a one‐dimension simulation tool to simulate the effects of different layers in PSCs 48 .…”

“…Cu-based device (0. sets of experiments. [42][43][44][45][46][47] Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS) is a one-dimension simulation tool to simulate the effects of different layers in PSCs. 48 In general, SCAPS is used for simulating planar structures.…”

Sinc and discrete singular convolution for analysis of three‐layer composite of perovskite solar cell

“…Then the iterative method is applied to solve the problem of nonlinearity. 44,45,53 The iterative method depends on solving the system as linear. Then we solved it as nonlinear by applying the condition convergence such as follows 44,45,53 :…”

“…Narendhiran et al 43 demonstrated that PVDF-HFP additive added into the perovskite precursors is beneficial for improving both the device performance and stability of PSC. Ragb et al 44 proved that differential quadrature (DQ) technique with different shape functions achieves accurate results with fewer grid points and without exerting great efforts. They are the first used techniques to study the primary PSC and the effect of interface materials on PSC efficiency and charge carriers.…”

“…Furthermore, the block-marching and iterative techniques are used to solve the time-dependent equations 52 and the problems of nonlinearity. 44,45,53 A MATLAB code is designed for each method to obtain a numerical solution for this model. The obtained numerical results achieve high efficiency and accuracy compared with the previous experiment, SCAPS-1D simulator, exact, least-squares fitting, finite difference and element techniques.…”